Top Guide of Wuthering Heights Essay Topics

Top Guide of Wuthering Heights Essay Topics Wuthering Heights Essay Topics - Is it a Scam? Most folks wish to prosecute excellence. The novel told from several points of view is readily read and interpreted from several perspectives, also. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. They have sites that offer direct contacts between writers and customers and permit them to discuss details and get the very best result. The Good, the Bad and Wuthering Heights Essay Topics Moreover, Heathcliff and Catherine's love is dependent on their common perception they are indistinguishable. Let's find more information regarding revenge inside this novel. Catherine is made to populate as a typical retainer at Wuthering Heights. Only she would have kept because of her fatality. Heathcliff's revenge is painful for everybody around him, but he fails to care about doing it. Although Heathcliff understands the revenge, he's thirsty for, he fails to feel satisfied. Heathcliff is trying to steal Hindley's horse in an effort to acquire some capital. Heathcliff begins his ploy for revenge from the start of the novel. It is among the best books I've had the chance to put on my reading shelf. Bronte illustrates how class mobility isn't always moving in 1 direction. A big quality of the Victorian Era is put on societal accent. It is a lovely location, almost heavenly. Treated as an outsider once more, Heathcliff begins to think of revenge. On the flip side, Heathcliff is portrayed as possessing an almost herculean ability to keep up the exact same strategy and to foster the exact grudges over many decades. First, the thought of having the ability to seek the services of a tutor generally depicts an upper class family but by noting he is travelling a reasonable distance highlights the isolation of Wuthering Heights from the remainder of civilisation. Apparently, if you get sick at a person's house, you've got to stay there for some time. Thus, the principal job must be accomplished by you. Hareton is apparently an uneducated farm hand that doesn't take lightly to anyone. Finding the Best Wuthering Heights Essay Topics Essays could be lightly modified for readability or to defend the anonymity of contributors, but we don't edit essay examples before publication. Drifters poem essay should you need to compose an argumentative essay. Thereby, there is more you're able to do with your Wuthering Heights essay only when you have read the novel and understand the fundamental concepts. Wuthering heights essay is quite a frequent assignment given to the students so as to build their lite rary skills. Class structure plays an important part in Wuthering Heights and would make a great topic for discussion. Then, students may consider the function of religion in Wuthering Heights itself. Therefore, many students and employees decide to obtain low-cost essay rather than writing it themselves. Passion is the consequence of intense feelings. Their love looks born out of their rebellion instead of merely a sexual desire. Really the story is just one of revenge. Therefore, the motivation for Victor's revenge gets clear, and the high level of his desire. Wuthering Heights Essay Topics Secrets That No One Else Knows About This means they're academically qualified, able to compose a well-structured essay and understand how to research from trustworthy sources. The embedded literature provides the reader a wide selection of opinions and points of view, although not all them are believable. Citations and extracts from assorted sources have to be formatted properly. Practice your a nalytical reasoning employing these incredible topics! Basically, readers are eavesdropping instead of experiencing the action. In order to talk about my plot, I'll describe it and show the method by which the feminism is expressed within this book. Bronte implements using a narrator inside her novel. All novels have a minumum of one conflict, and a few have several.

Essay about hamlet - 1270 Words

Hamlet: Ophelia and Gertrude Ophelia and Gertrude, two different women who seem to be trapped in the same situation when it comes to Hamlet. Gertrude, Hamlets mother and the Queen of Denmark is married to Claudius, who is suspected by Hamlet to have killed his father, King Hamlet, who is Claudiuss brother. Gertrude ended up in the plot of King Hamlets death and in the eyes of her son, is a monster and helped with the murder. Ophelia, the daughter of Polonius who is the Kings counselor and is later killed in the play and has forbidden his daughter to see Hamlet. She truly loves Hamlet and is devastated when he disowns her and pretends to be mad. Hamlets treatment towards these two women brings their characters to life and†¦show more content†¦He threatens her and after some confusion, Hamlet kills Polonius who is hiding behind the curtain listening to the conversation. This gets Laertes in the plot to kill Hamlet. In this scene even though Hamlet threatened her, she still loved him and treated him the sa me way that she had treated him before the confrontation. Ophelia is a young lady born to the Kings faithful advisor, Polonius and sister to Laertes. The first time we see Ophelia in the play is in scene III, when she is saying goodbye to her brother who is going back to Paris. She is warned, by her brother, that she should beware of Hamlets love because he is not just any regular man. In this scene, Ophelias love is still strong towards Hamlet. She seems not to care too much when her brother is talking to her, but when her father talks to her, and she tells him about the strong love between them, Polonius makes her believe that there is not such thing. He orders Ophelia to end the friendship and, like the obedient daughter she is, she does. Later in the play Polonius is convinced that Hamlet is truly in love with Ophelia and as soon as he sees the Queen and King he starts telling them about the love between the two and how strong it is and he also reads a love letter, from Hamlet to Ophelia, that he has found: â€Å"Doubt thou stars are f ire, Doubt that the sun doth move, Doubt truth to be a liar, But never doubt I love. O dear Ophelia, I am ill at these numbers. I have not art toShow MoreRelatedHamlet Madness In Hamlet1293 Words   |  6 Pages When reading Shakespeare’s Hamlet as a class, the first thing that most teachers or professors point out is the argument/idea of sanity, specifically Hamlets sanity. I believe that Hamlet is, in fact, feigning his madness. What I do not know is if I believe this because it is what I was taught or if I came up with the idea myself based on my own interpretation. When I was taught Hamlet there was no argument it was just fact that he was faking his madness. Because of my confusion, I came to findRead MoreHamlet1304 Words   |  6 Pagesunderlying themes of revenge, incest, and suicide, William Shakespeare’s Hamlet was remembered by many Elizabethan Era viewers as both a philosophical and oft-debated masterpiece (Dickson). These controversial themes attracted viewers everywhere, enticing them to see the play. One scene in particular from the original text of the play where this proves true is act IV, scene iv, lines 31-65, in which the titular character Hamlet decides tha t the time for revenge is at hand in an insightful soliloquyRead MoreHamlet787 Words   |  4 PagesElements of Drama: A Review of Hamlet Elements of Drama: A Review of Hamlet The way an artist creates a sculpture is similar to the tactics of a drama writer. While artist focus on the color and shape of their creations, writers of drama focus on specific elements. In Hamlet, Shakespeare uses plot, character, setting, staging, and theme to create a well-rounded story. One of the first elements of drama is plot. Considered to be the foundation, plot is theRead MoreHamlet As The Tragic Hero Of The Play Hamlet 1314 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to better understand Hamlet one must first asses, and define man. According to webster dictionary a man is a male often having the qualities associated with bravery,script or toughness(site webster dictionary www.define a man.com here). We know the male figure is known to exhibit distinctive male traits such as strength, dignity, courage and be a provider and supporter. As seen in Hamlet one must understand the male figure to better understand Hamlet and why the male behave in such waysRead MoreHamlet Analysis : Hamlet 1149 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish December 7, 2015 Hamlet Analysis Prince Hamlet is a man who enjoys contemplating difficult philosophical questions. When his father the king of Denmark, was killed by his uncle. when Hamlet returns he sees his ghost after he returns home to find evidence of his father’s death. The Ghost of Hamlet tells Prince Hamlet that his uncle Claudius his uncle was the one who killed his father with poison of the ear. Throughout the rest of the story with him, Hamlet seeks to prove his uncle ClaudiusRead More Character of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet is a man of many discoveries. The tragic hero in Shakespeares Hamlet undergoes many changes throughout the play. His mindset is set deep and far away from the physical world that both helps him and hinders him in his plight for revenge against his uncle, Claudius, and his mother. When Hamlet is first introduced in Act I, Scene II, the reader is shown the depths of his sorrow. The King asks Hamlet How is it that the clouds still hangRead MoreHamlet : William Shakespeare s Hamlet1259 Words   |  6 PagesOmar Sancho Professor Christopher Cook English 201-0810 Hamlet Paper 23 May 2016 Hamlet Character Analysis â€Å"There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.†(Act 2, Scene 2, 239-251) Hamlet by William Shakespeare is one of the most famous plays written that conveys a multitude theme. But most predominant is the presence of Hamlet s obsession with philosophy of life, throughout the play Hamlet philosophy reviles his point of view love, loyalty, the importance of family and friendsRead MoreOphelia and Hamlet in The Tragedy of Hamlet Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesOphelia and Hamlet In 1600, William Shakespeare composed what is considered the greatest tragedy of all time, Hamlet, the tragedy of the Prince of Denmark. His masterpiece forever redefined what tragedy should be. Critics have analyzed it word for word for nearly four hundred years, with each generation appreciating Hamlet in its own way. While Hamlet conforms, without a doubt, to Aristotles definition of a tragedy, one question still lingers. Did Shakespeare intend for the reader or viewerRead More Hamlet Essay599 Words   |  3 PagesThe Revenge of Prince Hamlet nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Shakespeare’s, Hamlet, is a wonderfully written play that has many tangled webs of lies, betrayal, and revenge. The play starts off with the death of Hamlets father, the king. One night Hamlet sees the ghost of his dead father. The ghost speaks to Hamlet and tells him that he was killed by Claudius. Claudius, who is Hamlets uncle, has recently become the new king and as well married Hamlets fathers wife, GertrudeRead More Hamlet Essay1107 Words   |  5 Pages Perhaps the most famous soliloquy in literature, these words reflect the state of desperation in which Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, finds himself as he contemplates suicide. His father, the King, has died. His mother, the Queen, has remarried within a month of the Kings passing, an act which has disturbed young Hamlet in and of it. To make it worse, she has married the Kings brother, Hamlets uncle, who is now the King of Denmark. As Hamlets despair deepens, he learns through the appearance

Analysis of Different Types of Leaders †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Different Types of Leaders. Answer: Introduction The three types of leaders who will be analysed in this essay are, the CEO of a multi-national company, a prison officer and a supervisor on a construction site. Firstly, the essay will evaluate the paternalistic leadership style that is followed by the CEO of a multinational company. Secondly, the essay will evaluate the directive leadership style that is followed by a prison officer. Thirdly, the essay will evaluate the participative leadership style that is followed by the supervisor on the construction site (Arnold et al., 2015). The major intention of this paragraph is to analyse the leadership style that is followed by the CEO of a multinational company. The paternalistic style of leadership is common among the CEOs of the modern global organizations. The main aim of the CEO of an organization is to create a workforce which shows high performance. This has become increasingly important in all the multinational organizations so that the leaders can successfully inspire the members of the organization. This style of leadership is followed in the upper levels of the organization which include the teams, the divisions, the departments and the organizations as a whole. These types of leaders are dominant in nature and act as a matriarch or patriarch towards the employees. The leaders depicting this style of leadership are dominant and parental in nature (DuBois et al., 2015). As discussed by, Holten and Brenner, (2015), the dominance of the CEOs is not always sufficient for the leaders to motivate the members of the organization. The successful paternalistic leader mainly thinks about the big picture and tries to consider the various decisions that can affect the organization or his family. The education and social skills are valued by these leaders and sometimes they can even go out of the way to help the employees and provide them with opportunities for the improvement of their interpersonal skills and the business. The leaders encourage the followers to be creative and innovative in nature so that new ideas can be created. The paternalistic leaders do not criticize the leaders on a public platform. According to, Keskes, (2014), they are much more focussed towards solving the issue rather than blaming the person who has committed the mistake. The leaders in this case try to influence the employees by their own behaviour. The leaders or the CEOs act as a role model for the employees in the organization. The employees are easily able to trust these leaders and respect them as their parents. The leaders in this case use their power to influence the members of the organization to achieve the goals. The CEO of the organization will act as a parent to the employees and reward them for their innovation and creativity. This will further motivate the employees to improve their productivity and in turn increase the revenues of the company. This type of leadership is suitable for the global organizations as they need to operate in different countries with diverse group of employees (McCleskey, 2014). The intention of this paragraph is to analyse the directive leadership style that is depicted by a prison officer. Directive leadership style is same as the autocratic style of leadership, where the subordinates are provided with instructions by the leaders regarding their work process. The projects, ideas and the tasks are initiated by the leader and the subordinates are provided the responsibility to complete the given tasks. The deadlines related to these tasks and the specific standards are also provided by the leaders. The rules that are exercised by these leaders are quite firm in nature and the subordinates need to work within the boundaries that are provided by the leaders. The directive style of leadership is mainly followed by the leaders of traditional organizations where the subordinates respect the seniority of the leaders (Nanjundeswaraswamy Swamy, 2014). The prison officer needs to follow this style of leadership so that they can lead the prisoners and provide them wi th the appropriate instructions. As discussed by, Saeed et al., (2014), the leaders in this case need to bed strict regarding their ways of operations and the suggestions of the subordinates are not considered in this case. The prisoners need to strictly follow the rules and the regulations that are formulated by the leaders or the prison officers. The leaders are able to get the jobs done quickly with the help of directive leadership style. The officers except immediate compliance from the prisoners as soon as the instructions are provided to them. This leadership style is common in a situation where the prison officer needs to instruct the prisoners regarding the various jobs that need to be performed. The subordinates in this case are not eligible to give any excuse to the leaders regarding the tasks that they need to perform. This style is the best possible way to handle the prisoners in an effective manner. This paragraph intends to evaluate the participative leadership style that is followed by the supervisor of a construction site. This style of leadership mainly invites the inputs from the employees related to the decisions that are to be taken by the management. The staff of the organization are provided with enough information about the various issues and the decision-making process of the organization. The process of decision-making in the participative style sometimes becomes slow as the inputs need to be collected from the employees before the final decision is taken. The staff in this case accept the decisions and policies that are formulated by the management quite easily as they are consulted before the decisions are taken (Saleem, 2015). The resistance that is provided by the employees towards the decisions taken by the management is quite less in this case. The employees have a personal stake regarding the success of the new policies that are formulated by the management. T he morale of the employees is also quite high which is a result of the voice that they are provided in the organizational policies. The supervisor at a construction site needs to work in a participative manner with the employees. According to, Sethuraman and Suresh, (2014), the decisions related to the various operations that are taking place in the site need to be taken based on the inputs that are provided by the employees or the subordinates. The employees in this case have to play a significant role in the decisions that are taken by the supervisors. The work conditions will also be improved with the help of the employees. The operations in the construction site need to be performed by the employees and the supervisor in a collaborative manner. The employees in the construction site can perform their duties in a collaborative and active manner with the help of a participative leader. This will help in improving the retention policies of the employees. The supervisors therefore n eed to participate in the various work processes in the site rather than providing them with strict instructions (Skogstad et al., 2015). This will help the employees in performing their tasks in an effective manner and further increasing the productivity of the organization. In addition, as discussed by, Strom, Sears and Kelly, (2014), the leadership styles that are followed are different for different types of organizations. The leadership style followed in an organization depends on the culture and types of operations. The style of leadership is based on the needs of the employees in the various organizations. The leader needs to follow the leadership style which can help them to get the jobs done by the employees. The wrong style of leadership can further affect the profitability and the revenues of the organizations. The directive style of leadership is necessary to be followed in an organization like a prison. In these organizations the leaders need to be strict enough to compel the employees to complete their jobs. On the other hand, the paternalistic style of leadership is the best style to be followed in global or multinational organizations as the leaders in this case need to be inspirational and encouraging in nature so that the best performanc e of the employees can be derived which can further increase the profitability of the organizations. The participative style of leadership is the best to follow in the areas like construction sites as the leaders in this case need to collaborate with the employees and take decisions according to their inputs (Yahaya Ebrahim, 2016). The leadership style is therefore totally dependent on the employees of that organization and the ways by which react to the instructions that are provided by leaders. Conclusion The essay can be concluded by stating that the leadership style followed in an organization affects the operations of the organization and its profitability in the industry. The leaders play a significant in motivating the employees and further increasing the revenues of the organization as well. The organizations in different fields are therefore related to the various types of leaderships that are followed by the supervisors, CEOs or the prison officers as well. References Arnold, K. A., Connelly, C. E., Walsh, M. M., Martin Ginis, K. A. (2015). Leadership styles, emotion regulation, and burnout.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,20(4), 481. DuBois, M., Hanlon, J., Koch, J., Nyatuga, B., Kerr, N. (2015). Leadership styles of effective project managers: Techniques and traits to lead high performance teams.Journal of Economic Development, Management, IT, Finance, and Marketing,7(1), 30. Holten, A. L., Brenner, S. O. (2015). Leadership style and the process of organizational change.Leadership Organization Development Journal,36(1), 2-16. Keskes, I. (2014). Relationship between leadership styles and dimensions of employee organizational commitment: A critical review and discussion of future directions.Intangible Capital,10(1). McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), 117. Nanjundeswaraswamy, T. S., Swamy, D. R. (2014). Leadership styles.Advances in management,7(2), 57. Saeed, T., Almas, S., Anis-ul-Haq, M., Niazi, G. S. K. (2014). Leadership styles: relationship with conflict management styles.International Journal of Conflict Management,25(3), 214-225. Saleem, H. (2015). The impact of leadership styles on job satisfaction and mediating role of perceived organizational politics.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,172, 563-569. Sethuraman, K., Suresh, J. (2014). Effective leadership styles.International Business Research,7(9), 165. Skogstad, A., Aasland, M. S., Nielsen, M. B., Hetland, J., Matthiesen, S. B., Einarsen, S. (2015). The relative effects of constructive, laissez-faire, and tyrannical leadership on subordinate job satisfaction.Zeitschrift fr Psychologie. Strom, D. L., Sears, K. L., Kelly, K. M. (2014). Work engagement: The roles of organizational justice and leadership style in predicting engagement among employees.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,21(1), 71-82. Yahaya, R., Ebrahim, F. (2016). Leadership styles and organizational commitment: literature review.Journal of Management Development,35(2), 190-216.

Reason, Fate and Force free essay sample

An analysis of Aeschylus Prometheus Bound focusing on the hierarchy of power. This paper is a symbolic analysis of Aeschylus Prometheus Bound. The author characterizes Prometheus as Reason, Zeus as Force, and Fate as Futility. The paper makes the further argument that there is a hierarchy of power among these three, and explores the nature of each character. It also focuses a good deal on the struggle between Force and Reason. In Aeschylus Prometheus Bound, we see Prometheus as the embodiment of Reason, Zeus as the embodiment of Force, and Fate as the embodiment of futility. Prometheus, as Reason, has a greater will, or power, than Zeus has as Force. Zeus is subject to the guiding power of Fate. Moreover, while it may seem like a controversial statement, that same force, Fate, does not bind Prometheus. From this, it is possible to extrapolate a hierarchy of power. Force restricts aspects of the material world. We will write a custom essay sample on Reason, Fate and Force or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Fate will direct or hinder Force. However, Reason has the power to triumph over both.

ACT Expert Guide Whats the Highest Possible ACT Score

ACT Expert Guide What's the Highest Possible ACT Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What is the highest possible score on the ACT, and how rare is it to get one? Whether you're just now diving into your ACT prep or have been at it for a while, you're probably wondering what the best score is. In this guide, we’ll explore the odds of earning the maximum ACT score and give you tips and advice for reaching it. What Is a Perfect ACT score? The highest possible score you can earn on the ACT is 36(on a scale of 1-36). This 36 is a composite, or average, of your four subject area scores- English, Reading, Math, and Science.Each section is also scored on a scale of 1-36. (If you take the ACT with Writing, your essay willnot affect your composite score. This means you can get a perfect 36 without earning a perfect essay score of 12.) The 36 points you can earn on each section are scaled scores, which are translated from your raw scores- that is, the total number of questions you get right on each ACT section. (For more information about how each ACT section is scored, see our article on ACT scoring.) The magic number. So just how rare is a perfect 36? According to ACT, Inc., out of the 1,914,817 students in the class of 2018 who took the ACT, only3,741earned the highest possible ACT score. That’s just 0.195% of test takers! If you’re looking to be part of that 0.195%, keep reading to learn the raw ACT scores you'll need for each section- and why it’s possible to get a perfect score without answering every single question correctly. The Composite ACT Score Needed for a 36 Your composite score on the ACT is the most important part of your score, since it represents your overall performance. When people refer to a perfect ACT score, they are talking about a perfect 36 composite. However, since your composite ACT score is calculated from the average of your four subject area scores- not the total- you do not need a perfect 36 on every section to get a perfect 36 composite. For example, say you got the following subject area scores: English: 36 Reading: 36 Math: 36 Science: 34 This means your composite would be as follows: (36 + 36 + 36 + 34) / 4 = 35.5 Because you can only get whole numbers- not decimals- for your composite ACT score, this score of 35.5 would round up to the best ACT score of 36. This is a slight difference from the SAT, for which your composite score comes from all the sections being totaled, not averaged. To get a perfect score on the SAT, you need a perfect score on every section.For the ACT, you can have a slightly less than perfect score on one or two sections and still net a 36 composite! The Raw Scores Needed for a Perfect ACT Score While it’s possible to get a 36 composite without getting a 36 on each ACT section, if you're truly aiming for a 36, you should study with the goal of getting a 36 on each section. But why? First of all, this will help you focus your studying on becoming 100% consistent. If you study with the allowance of making a few mistakes, any additional mistakes you make will definitely cost you the 36. But if you study with the goal of getting a 36 on each section, if you do end up making one or two mistakes, you could still net a 36 composite. This official chart estimates how raw ACT section scores will translate into scaled scores. Based on this official chart, you need to aim for a perfect raw score- that means answering every single question correctly- on both Reading and Science to get a 36. Meanwhile, you can miss one question each on the English and Math sections and still get a 36. While these estimates show it is possible to get 74 raw points on the English section and 59 points on the Math section and still get a 36 composite, this could change depending on how the ACT you end up taking is scaled. (This is becauseeach test is scaled a little bit differently- check out our guide to ACT conversion chartsto learn more about how this process works.) Ultimately, the only way to guarantee a 36 is to get a perfect raw score in every section. How to Get Perfect Raw ACT Scores to Guarantee a 36 If you're aiming for a perfect ACT score, the best way to do this is to aim for a perfect raw score on every ACT section (in other words, aim to get every single question right!). Here, we go over our top tips to help you do just this. #1: Be Consistent and Maintain Your Stamina Since you're aiming for a perfect raw ACT score on every section, you must be able to achieve perfection during studying and while taking practice tests. This is especially important for developing better test-taking stamina and efficiency. Even if you're capable of answering all the questions in a section correctly, to get a perfect 36 on the ACT, you will have to be able to work within the allotted time.Here is an overview of the time limits per ACT section: ACT Section Total Time # of Questions Time per Question English 45 minutes 75 36 seconds Math 60 minutes 60 60 seconds Reading 35 minutes 40 52.5 seconds Science 35 minutes 40 52.5 seconds For the Math section, you get exactly one minute per question. For English, Reading, and Science, you get less than a minute. This intense pacing is why it’s so important to aim for speed and accuracy while studying. #2: Find Your Weak Spots Our second tip is to use ACT practice questions and exams to find your weak areas- whether they are trigonometry questions on the Math section or the social science excerpt on Reading. Try to figure out where the gaps in your knowledge are and why you are answering certain questions incorrectly. Once you know exactly where you struggle, you can target your studying. To get a 36, you must learn the concepts behind the questions you struggle with the most, and develop systems and strategies for solving those question types. With enough studying, your weak links could become strengths. #3: Don’t Get Complacent Although you will spend a good deal of time on your weak spots, never assume that you have a section in the bag.For example, even if you're amazing at math and got a 36 on your first official practice test, don't neglect the Math section when you study. Taking practice tests can help you become familiar with the pacing you will need on test day, and they'll also help you spot any careless mistakes you tend to make. #4: Prevent Careless Mistakes Although the bulk of your studying will be spent addressing stubborn weak spots, make sure you are on the lookout for where you make small mistakes. That could be anything from skimming too fast and missing the point of a question, to an arithmetic error on Math, to even bubbling in an answer incorrectly. Want more strategies on how to get the maximum ACT score? Read our detailed guide to getting a 36. Key Takeaways: Aiming For the Maximum ACT Score Although it will be tough to study for that perfect 36 ACT score- after all, only 0.195% of test takers achieve it!- it's not impossible. Keep in mind, too, that although a 36 composite is considered perfect, a composite score of 34 or higher is already in the 99thpercentile of test takers. In other words, if you get a 34+, you have done better than 99% of students who take the ACT. That's a great accomplishment! Studying using the principles in this article and aiming for perfection can definitely help you get a 99thpercentile ACT score- which isn't too shabby, even for a perfectionist. What's Next? Want a more in-depth guide to getting a perfect ACT score? Read our guide on how to score a 36, written by a 36 perfect scorer. Aiming for a top-tier school? Learn what ACT scores it takes to get into the Ivy League. Not aiming for a perfect ACT score? You'll still need to figure out what score you should aim for, and get the best one you can. Read our step-by-step guide to calculating your personal ACT target scoreto get started. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? We've written a free strategy guide to the top strategies you should be using in your studying. Download it now:

6 Steps to Landing Your Dream Job By The End Of Summer

6 Steps to Landing Your Dream Job By The End Of Summer Rather than treating this summer as a slump season, or a time to shirk your duties a bit without getting in trouble, why not put the pedal to the metal and see about scoring big career-wise? Here are 6  things you can do to turn your career around and get your dream job by the end of the summer (if you work hard and start now).1. Be a leaderRemember that no one is in control of your career except you. If you start thinking and acting like a leader, people will take you seriously as one. Be confident and clear and start steering yourself in the right direction, rather than waiting to be pushed.2. Leave the family loopIt’s great to rely on friends and family for advice and counsel. But sometimes you can get better and clearer advice if you step out of your inner circle. You can get much better- and much more objective- feedback this way. Find yourself a mentor or a job coach who understands your particular strengths, weaknesses, and goals.3. Sort out your financesYou canâ€⠄¢t really take any risks or make any moves from tenuous financial ground. Use this summer to get your fiscal house in order. Assess your current situation. Figure out where you need to be, and how far you need to go to get there. Then come up with a concrete plan and implement it. Don’t forget to figure out what your must-haves are- and what your minimum salary would be in your new position.4. Get clear and communicate that clarityBe able to correctly describe your vision for your career. This will help you make more effective and efficient decisions as you move towards your dream. The key to this is to figure out exactly where your wheelhouse is, and aim for situations in which you can excel.5. Figure out your ideal cultureThe truth is you will do your best work if you’re in an environment in which you can be yourself and facilitate your own greatness. Ask yourself what conditions help you be your best self at work and make a list. Find a company (or companies) that focus on these conditions as part of their company culture and then move towards getting hired there.6. Self-assessDon’t just wait for your performance review to figure out how well you’re doing. Manage your own performance. Figure out where you’re weak and make a plan to improve. And take a moment to acknowledge your own strengths. These will help you in determining your plan to get into your dream position.

Crime 200 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Crime 200 - Essay Example In fact statistics reveal widespread use of marijuana in the US and across the world. Given that the government has made little success in its efforts to eliminate its use for over 40 years now, pundits predict that the future might compel governments to legalize it. With this prospect in mind, it is prudent to understand the impact such a move would have to the society so as to lay sufficient ground beforehand. In this respect, this paper examines the impact of marijuana with focus on Colorado – which together with Washington have been viewed as experimental labs. Marijuana is a soft drug made from dried leaves, flowers, stem and seeds of the Cannabis sativa plant. Its key component is a psychoactive chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and is used for recreational, medical, religious and spiritual purposes (National Institute on Drug Abuse). This drug is known to have both positive and negative effects to its users and the society at large. To a user, weed, as marijuana is christened, causes memory impairment, distortion of sight, loss of motor coordination and with long term use individuals may develop, testicular cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory complications. On the positive effects, it has been found to be therapeutic helping reduce pain and anxiety (Drugs.com). However, this article does not pursue the health and psychological effects of marijuana use, rather it focuses broadly on the implications that legalization of marijuana has on the society. The fight towards legalization of marijuana in the US began with the 1970 presidential commission that â€Å"called for federal decriminalization and eventual legalization, regulation, and control of marijuana† and recommended that marijuana be decriminalized (McVay, 1991). This move came about consequent of the relaxed attitudes toward marijuana, the apprehension of a significant

Marine Finance and Insurance - Coursework 2 Essay

Marine Finance and Insurance - Coursework 2 - Essay Example Similarly, they also have come to cater to companies from other countries in the course of their business. Through it all, marine industry players have become subject to foreign exchange risks. They have engaged in deals that would involve gains or losses resulting from the fluctuations in the exchange rates of foreign currencies used. Thus, foreign exchange risk should be acknowledged in the marine industry as a reality that all companies should be prepared for. If managed well, foreign exchange fluctuations can even present opportunities for companies to earn more. Huge capital investments for boats or similar fixed assets purchased from a foreign supplier can turn out to be big mistakes for marine companies that transacted them in a currency whose equivalent conversion to the native currency takes a nosedive right the next day or even weeks after the purchase date. The same is true with having collected revenues in currencies whose values abruptly plummets. Indeed, such cases are not to be underestimated or overlooked. They can lead to material, negative impact on the profitability and financial soundness of any marine company. As a matter of fact, the dread of ending up as casualties of abrupt foreign exchange fluctuation has led businessmen and investors across all industries to adopt different mechanisms to mitigate such risk. Fear and risk-aversion naturally come with things that are unpredictable, uncontrollable or unfamiliar. Risk, then, is a subject that ought to be explored and studied. If risks will be capably viewed in the right perspective by decision-makers, then strategic opportunities for growth and development will not go wasted or deliberately missed out due to attempts to avoid them. Winning companies do not avoid having to face risks; they embrace risk-taking and then learn from it. It is important to create in the company a culture that welcomes risk-taking as part and parcel of excelling in the

Online Therapy Essay Example for Free

Online Therapy Essay Little by little the internet and technology are expanding to incorporate more aspects of our daily lives. The expansion is so vast, one can now do Just about anything online. On line advances has no doubt positively contributed to businesses, education, communication, and quality of life in general, but when does one draw the line? Healthcare is a very serious subject because it deals with peoples lives and well being. Potential problems that may arise from it are not monetary, like those involved with losing a Job or failing a school course, but deal with lives and peoples weakest and perhaps most uncontrollable side of life. Psychological disorders usually arise from events and sources not under the control of patients. Unlike purchasing the wrong stock at the wrong time or having an unsuccessful online business presentation, depression, addiction, phobias, and other psychological disorders are delicate matters that are not a result of bad decision making, however, much like every service the internet offers us, cyber psychology does have its advantages and disadvantages. Disadvantages and Solutions: The first glaring disadvantage is the loss of essential elements with the lack of face to face interactions. The fact that psychology is the study of behavior, it is imperative for a therapist to get a grasp on the patients complete behavior, which includes, but is not limited to, facial movements and body movements, tone of voice, posture, and appearance. To fully understand a client, a therapist must be able to be privvy to this side of the individuals personality to accurately diagnose and ultimately heal a problem or disorder. One way to solve this disadvantage could be for the therapist to request an initial face-to-face assessment that can then be followed by online treatments of various sorts. This enhances the screening process and leaves no room for misinterpretation or misdiagnosis that can arise from lack of personal interaction. Also, for cases or procedures involving video conferencing and webcam interactions, it is crutial for websites to continue to improve the video quality to avoid missing any words or movements that may be crucial to analyzing behaviors. Maybe once video conferencing is perfected, it will increase the validity of such therapeutic media and allow it to replace the need for an initial in person interaction. A second concern involved with web therapy is security. We are surrounded by warning signs oncerning various web securities, including scams, hacks, and phishing sites. In the past, we have seen many cases serious enough to make it to the news to increase awareness and warn people of the seriousness of certain situations. It is almost possible for hackers to invade most sites and this compromises the privacy of patients personal and diagnostic information. Also, confirming the validity of particular sites may be hard on some people since scam sites go into extreme measures to mimic credible sites. The fact that most on-line therapies require payment in advance, may seem tempting for people who make a living from online camming. Another potential leak in privacy may unintentionally arise from the clients themselves; the use of public computers or implying improper security features and practices to ones personal computer. To counteract security problems, websites are constantly working on maintain security and privacy. It is important for releasing financial or personal and emotional information. Psychologists are required to practice therapy in state(s) of which they are licensed for practice. Cyber therapy offers ways to go around that law. A patient, for example, may claim different residence to receive treatment from a particular therapist of agency. Also, since the world wide web spreads, well, worldwide, theres a chance that some of the sites are run internationally and this may give rise to cultural disconnect problems from misunderstanding situations, actions, and settings. Proper monitoring should be implemented on cyber therapy websites to avoid such breaches and complications. Advantages of Online Therapy: There are several advantages associates with online therapy. Time is something that seems to be becoming more scarce and harder to manage. Finding a service that can be molded around ones schedule, convenience, or from the privacy of ones ome is important to many people in todays fast paced way of life. Online therapy also offers a geographic advantage for people living in rural areas or people with transportation limitations. In addition, people with physical disabilities may now have an easier method of behavior therapy that does not interfere with their health issues. Finally, a very crucial advantage is financial. Online therapy makes it cheaper and thus easier to receive mental health therapy. Because of the lack of an office or facilities, transportation expenses, and the availability of different program levels to hoose from, therapy became an attainable thing and a cry for help that was heard by cyber space. The options of sending an email or having a telephone therapy session gives many benefits with the elimination of extended time charges and various office visit associated expenses. Websites Offering Online Therapy: The Online Therapy Institute is a website designated primarily for therapist seeking to introduce online therapy as an option to their practice. It offers intensive information about how to set up an online therapy site and what the rules and regulations are and general guidelines to follow to provide proper therapeutic echniques. It also assists therapists in the initial stages and provides a reference for any upcoming issues. E-Therapists Online provides services for patients seeking online therapy via e- mail, private chats, and phone counseling. It provides clear instructions on how to begin therapy and also price guideline. Payment is due prior to therapy. For example, an e-mail session costs $39. 95 and 4 e-mail sessions cost $149. 00. Telephone or chats cost $95. 00 for 60 minutes and $623. 00 for 7 60 minute chats or calls. Headworks is another website similar to e-therapists online. In addition to the ervices that e-therapists online provides, they offer free self-help information and customized services. Conclusion: Online therapy definitely has its advantages, but it should also be handled carefully. Not all cases of mental health should be able to be treated via cyber psychotherapy because some are much more complicated and need in person therapy. Once this service is solidified, this service will be more ideal for people who are in need of minor therapy, interaction with people, behavioral help, and guidelines in life but are unable to do face-to-face therapy for geographical or financial constrains.

Saladin :: Essays Papers

Saladin In his De Laude Novae Militiae (1128 - 1131), Bernard of Clairvaux exhorted young Christian knights to take up the calling of spiritual chivalry and fight pagans without fear of eternal damnation since when he kills an evildoer, he is not a homicide, but ...a malicide, and it is plainly Christ's vengeance on those who work evil. Though Bernard's words served as a precursor to the Second Crusade they are important when examining the life of Saladin, for in his life and actions this man, destined to become the greatest of the aforementioned pagans, would exemplify none of the traits one would expect of a horrible infidel. Rather, one could say that, aside from religion, Saladin embodied many of the ideals held dear by the chivalric Christian warrior of the age. Saladin, or Salah al - Din, was born in 1138 into a Kurdish military family at Takrit in present - day Iraq. Saladin's origins were fodder for many Europeans chroniclers of the Crusades. The Latin Itinerarium regis Ricardi compiled in the 13th Century described Saladin as a pimp, the king of the brothels, who campaigned in the taverns, and devoted his time to gaming and the like. Far from these conjectures we now know with a fair amount of certainty that Saladin grew up at Baalbak and various other outposts where his father served as governor. In 1152 he joined his uncle in the service of sultan Nur ad- Din and by 1156 he had become his uncles deputy in the military governorship of Damascus. Saladin became a close companion of Nur ad- Din . He also accompanied his uncle on three separate expeditions to Egypt between 1164 and 1168. In 1169 Saladin's uncle, Shirkuh, took over the Fatimid caliphate in Egypt and became Vizier of Egypt with Saladin as chief administrator. Shirkuh died nine weeks into his rule and Saladin seized power. By 1171 Saladin had abolished the Fatimid caliphate and placed it under Nur ad-Dins rule. Nur ad-Din died in 1174 and Saladin promptly married his widow and began to establish his sway over the sultans empire. In 1175 Saladin seized Central Syria with his victory at the Battle of Hama. By 1181, with the death of Nur ad-Dins son, Saladin had become the leader of a unified Muslim state.

Capital punishment and why does the Church (Christianity) oppose it so much Essay

Man is a sacred and precious creature created by God.   When God has created the Universe, light, the birds, animals, the trees, water and the earth, he had given a lot of importance to man.   Evidence from the Bible suggests that God had left creating man as his final task, and after he had created man, God was so amazed, satisfied with himself and fulfilled with his own creation, that he decided to rest (on the Seventh day).   Through his creation of man, he had provided a reflection of himself (The Old Testament: Genesis 1).   In deed God has given a lot of importance to man, and no one has the right to take away or destroy the life this very special and beautiful creation of God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Countries throughout the World are beginning to understand the importance of capital punishment and are slowly outlawing such laws.   However, certain developed countries such as the US are still encouraging Capital punishment.   The US had stopped capital punishment for some period of time (from 1972 to 1977).   However, the practice resumed again following Gregg V. Georgia case (Horigan, 2004).   Most of the states in the US permit Capital punishment only in very specific instances.   However, the very existence of such an option in the judiciary system, does suggest the States Support to this inhuman act.   The rate of execution in the US has dropped since the 1930’s, but this has no fully ended. The largest number of executions is performed by the State of Texas, and the highest percentage of the population executed by the State is Virginia (Robinson, 2006).   The response of the US public to capital punishment is somewhat mixed.   However, the reaction of the Canadian people to capital punishment was also similar, but the Country has abolished capital punishment.   Depending on the seriousness of their crime, the crimes are imprisoned even for indefinite periods (Robinson, 2006).   Canada has also shown that imposition of capital punishment does not necessarily result in a drop in the crime rates.   The Japanese on the other which permit capital punishment have a crime rate much below that of the US. Hence, it can be demonstrated that capital punishment may not play an important role in crime (Robinson, 2006).   In the US, many people who have been executed by the law, were found not even to be given a proper lawyer during their trials. Several states in the US that have capital punishment in their legal systems seem to have a higher criminal rate than those which do not have capital punishment (Robinson, 2006).   People may feel that by incorporating capital punishment in their legal systems, the State is cheapening the value of human life.   Hence, the crime rates in such states are on the rise.   Several other factors such as poor socio-economic status, low educational levels, poor living conditions, etc, may be related with an increase in the crime rates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Church has seriously opposed the use of capital punishment in case of serious crime.   Pope John Paul II has opposed the imposition of death penalty by the State (Dulles, 2001).   Christians give a lot of importance to life and have opposed any action that could result in the ‘violation to the right to life’ such as murder, abortion, suicide, euthanasia, etc.   Christians usually feel that as God has controlled life, no one including the Governments and the Courts can take away a human life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Old Testament, death was specifically suggested to those who had sinned or committed offences (such as murder and adultery).   The Sacred Covenant during Noah had mentioned that anyone who offenders and disobeys God be stoned or hanged to death.   Several episodes in the Old Testament such as those of with Korah, Dathan, and Abiram (Numbers 16), have given instances in which capital punishment was performed to penalize sinners.   People who helped to execute the will of God by ending the life of the offenders were considered as Agents of God.   Many Countries of the World still follow the Old Testament of capital punishment in penalizing serious crimes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, things have changed since the New Testament times.   Although Jesus Christ had not spoken much about the use of capital punishment by the state, indirect instances are present in the New Testament which may suggest that Jesus was against the practice of capital punishment.   One of these instances included the Stoning of a woman who had sinned.   Jesus did not allow his disciples to pronounce curses of destruction of death on people who did not have feelings of love towards others. In John 19:11, Jesus told Pilate that he had the authority to sentence anybody who had sinned against God, and that Pilate had the right to fulfill God’s intentions.   In Matthew 26:52, Jesus told Peter to put back his sword when he was arrested.   Jesus even put back the soldier’s piece of ear, after Peter had cut it with his sword.   In Luke 23: 41, Jesus tells the thief crucified on his side, that they were receiving punishment for the sins that they had committed on earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Christianity believed in the concept of ‘love thy neighbor as thy self’, and Jesus in his preaching expressed that this feeling should be extended to every aspect of life.   We could potentially extent its application for use to prevent capital punishment.   In the New Testament after Christ, there may be several instances in which capital punishment was encouraged.   However, these instances may not directly support capital punishment.   In Acts 5: 1-11, capital sentences were imposed because they disobeyed Simon Peter.   The Letter to the Hebrews also encouraged the Mosaic Laws on capital punishment. St. Paul told the Romans that death sentence was a mean of expressing God’s intentions against sinners.   However, there have also been instances in the New Testament in which the Church and Christians have opposed death sentence.   During the early Christianity period, the Church did not approve Christians to function as executioners of death sentences (Dulles, 2001).   St. Augustine felt that the Fifth Commandant should be utilized even to prevent execution of death sentences and killing of criminals.   He wrote an entire book about Capital punishment named The City of God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The idea of capital punishment changed a bit during the Middle Age.   Christianity had some influence on the people, and the Courts were told to impose capital punishment only for people who committed serious crime.   This was mainly as a self-defense mechanism to prevent the criminals from committing further crime and to ensure that the society was safe.   Some of the theologists felt that capital punishment was more of a hatred act against the criminal than one to enable him to reform in the future (Dulles, 2001).   Even though the Church opposed death sentence, it constituted a body to pronounce and capital punishment. The Church even conferred the State the power to issue death sentences in the later part of the 16th century.   It derived this power from the Commandant â€Å"thou shall not murder†, and it was performed in several instances.   Slowly the Church began to approve capital punishment only in the case the criminal committed a serious crime.   Slowly the attitude of the Church towards capital punishment began to change as they felt that life was a precious gift given by God and it was morally wrong to take one’s life for sins committed.   The Italian thinker Gino Concetti, wrote a Book L’Osservatore Romano in 1977, demonstrating the importance and sacredness of God-given life.   He said that humans could not destroy the life of another human, and even the criminals who had performed serious crimes should not be punished with death sentence.    He said that there should not be any circumstance in which capital punishment was justified as no person had the right to take the life of another and destroy one of God’s precious creations.   We should be able to respect the view that God is expressing himself in man.   This work had really changed the attitudes of Christians and the Church towards capital punishment. Many people felt that the Church itself did not respect or identify this view of life before.   There was a uproar against capital punishment in the 20th century in Europe.   Several European countries who believed in Christianity began to incorporate the latest teachings and beliefs of the Church in their Legal systems.   The Governments began to underhand the importance of life (Dulles, 2001). Since, the criminal is also a human being; he is a precious creation of God and has a reflection of God in himself.   His actions have an element of God expressed in it.   Hence, it would be morally wrong to even punish the most serious criminals with capital punishment.   In the Old Testament, the view that a criminal action should be punished with a similar action by the law-enforcement agency existed.   However, a person may be expressing the Will of God through his actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Christianity has developed over a long period, and now it does not permit both, direct destruction (taking the life of a specific person) and indirect destruction (actions performed without the intention of killing another person).   In some instances, taking the life of another person by mistake may be pardoned by the Church.   The Church is also against any individuals taking the life of another on the advice of the State (Pesenke, 1981). God does not allow one human to take the life of another because God is the creator of the human beings and can create or destroy a life.   Any person who takes the life of another with a mental intention is sinning against God.   A Human life is the most precious work of God, and destroying it would be against the Will of God.   No political or legal body in the World has the right to interfere with God’s creation.   It is not justified for any Court or King to take the life of any individual including a criminal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many countries feel that capital punishment should be permitted at least to end the life of criminals who committed serious crimes.   They may also be considering that it would be a cheaper option to end the life of such criminals than to punish them with life-imprisonment.   However, the legal and the political systems should not cheapen human life, and should consider them as important to God.   Having capital punishment options in the legal system is not going to reduce crimes.   It is essential that the Government provides a socio-economic environment that may permit development and reduce frustration of the people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Jews believed firmly in capital punishment and permitted it following murders, adultery, worship of idols, war crimes, and kidnapping.   They feel that capital punishment would ensure that the society is safer from the actions of the criminals in the future.   They also feel that anybody who destroys God-given creations should be punished with death sentence.   A counsel usually issues death sentences in Jewish courts.   The court will examine the criminal during the trial and 2 neutral witnesses should provide evidence for the case.   As the process of issuing capital punishment under Jewish laws is very stringent, such sentences may usually occur less frequently. In several situations (such as wars, emergencies, dealing with non-Jewish criminals, etc), the stringent process is relaxed and death sentences are issued more easily.   In such situations Noah-Laws are usually applicable.   Usually just one neutral witness is required (FAQ, 2006).   During the later part of the 20th century, Jewish thinkers began to oppose the use of capital punishment by the legal system.   The ideas of Christian theologists are now being followed by the Jewish thinkers with regard to death sentence.   Only in extremely serious crimes are capital punishment allowed by Jewish courts (FAQ, 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Capital punishment is not only an ineffective way of dealing with crime (as it does not reduce the crime rate), but is also an immature way (as hatred and revenge are spread).   It also cheapens the importance of God-given life.   The Government should look at alternative to punish or reform the criminals. References: Dulles, A. C. (2001). â€Å"Catholicism & Capital Punishment.† First Things 112, 30-35. http://www.firstthings.com/article.php3?id_article=2175%20 FAQ (2006). Question 12.21: What is the Jewish position on Capital Punishment? Retrieved on April 8, 2007, from FAQ.org   Web site: Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance from Web site: http://www.faqs.org/faqs/judaism/FAQ/06-Jewish-Thought/section-22.html Horigan, D. P. (1996). Buddhism & Capital Punishment. Retrieved on April 8, 2007, from The Engaged Zen Foundation from Web site: http://www.engaged-zen.org/articles/Damien_P_Horigan-Buddhism_Capital_Punishment.html Pesenke, H. C. (1981). Christian Ethics: Volume II – Special Moral Theology in the Light of Vatican II, Bangalore: TPI. Robinson, B. A. (2006). Facts about capital punishment: Part 1: data & trends. Retrieved on April 8, 2007, from Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance from Web site: http://www.religioustolerance.org/execut3.htm The Bible Gateway (2007). Genesis 1 (New International Version). Retrieved on April 8, 2007, from The Bible Gateway from Web site: http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=genesis+1

Effects of unemployment Essay

The stabilization of human personalities; every individual child or adult needs emotional security and a source of release from stresses and strains of every day life. This provided by emotional support of partners and the chance for parents to indulge with their children. This helps to prevent stress from overwhelming the individual and threatening the stability of family and society. Parents provides economic support to its members particularly when they are young, paying for expensive personal items as well as child care. This financial support at times can be extended beyond infant hood with extra cost such as private education or higher education. Other functions of individuals in employment, tend to provide economic and emotional support when a member of the family is ill, disabled or in poverty. Financially stable families offer economic, cultural and social support that allows status and the prospects of social mobility for its members. But all this can be changed by a single life event in a person’s life as well as their families and it can be significantly devastating. A persons health and well being is significantly influenced by the life events and the effects of the social environment that they live in. these events can effect our health and wellbeing when a change of circumstances occurs. The aim of this essay is to explore how this life of events can change a person’s health and wellbeing for example: psychologically, physically, and socially and their behaviour. Events like losing a job has a great impact on a person’s life and their family members, it can also affect a person’s health and well being. A financially stable person losing their source of income can be devastating and can cause emotional distress and depression. (NHS research 2009) states that the most common cause of stress in today’s society is relationship breakdown, loss of a job, money issues and moving house. Stress can result fro, continuous causes, changeable, unpredictable or predictable causes e.g. life events or occupational demands (psychology through diagrams). Homes and rahe (1967) states that stress can be caused by greater susceptibility to physical mental health disorders (psychology through diagrams p. 194) stress can lead to a person’s behaviour change. A person might start smoking to try and relieve stress. (Dr Parrot American medical journal) states that smokers mistakenly believe that cigarette  smoking can help relieve stress. (Live bates) director of ASH explains further that cigarette smokers experience the relief from their addiction but of stress. Cigarette dependency can gradually disappear when one makes a choice to quit. Smoking is addictive and is harmful to a person’s health internally and also externally. Smoking causes high blood pressure, raised heart beats , shortness of breath, chronic coughing , impotence and infertility, long term smokers have a higher risk of developing respiratory track infection and lung cancer which means smoking can cause death. Recent studies show that thousands of people all over the world die each year from medical complications which are caused by smoking (smoking advice information). In the United States smoking remains the greatest preventable cause of death (journal of environmental and public health 2012 may 4th). Smoking is another expensive addiction which can add more strain on a non income household. Smoking is an addiction and addictions need feeding, that means that the little money that coming into the house hold could be spent on feeding the addiction , leaving no money for food, rent and basic things which sustain a house hold. This leads to changing diet to cheaper food stuffs which are most likely to be unhealthy. Low income leads to an unhealthy diet which mostly is high in sugar and fat. Leading this new life style can cause a person to become obese and can also affect their health and well being. (Drewnowski, 2010) healthy food is more expensive than unhealthy food. Unhealthy food is easily accessible in low income households there fore it is seen as the easiest option even thought they are full of sugar, unrefined grams of fat Diet which is full of sugar and fat is not good for human bodies because it leads to health problems. Children who suffer from blood pressure and high type 2 diabetes, Are at high to a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Also children are likely to become obese when they grow up. (2009 paediatric nutrition s. system) (Minister for public health) stresses that, it is a heart-breaking fact family from low income survive from bad food and they are at high risk from obesity. Most of the families on low income are people who are on benefits. DR Gerry Spence comments that most families on benefits suffer from obesity and they most likely rely on eating out of the chippy and on convenience stores. Also once a person loses his or her job the effect s can be devastating if they cannot be able to keep up with their mortgage, their home is at risk of  being repossessed which could lead to homelessness, homelessness starts in reduction of availability of affordable housing and economic stresses in society. This leads to families having to move to different areas which they can afford. Moving houses and changing school can b devastating to both children and parents. Children’s education can be highly affected by this change of school environment according to Stuart hall and Janet pawney; homelessness could have a very bad effect on a child’s education and health. In most cases when people are evicted or lose their housing due to other causes, most of them are housed by their local councils, if they are lucky they can be offered a council house. Most of the council houses according to parents and professionals are not present at all. Most of them are in very poor states of repair and also might be damp and mouldy which can affect a person’s health and well being for example dampened accommodation can cause respiratory conditions to worsen. Also in this situation children are more exposed to tobacco smoke lack of study space and also lack of sleep at night as a result of a rowdy neighbourhood. This change of location affects adults as well as children. Children can become lonely because they have left their families or have not been able to make friends. They feel isolated and this can lead to social isolation which is another cause of poor health. According to (R.C.N) people who are from socially included neighbourhood experience poor health outcome this include self reported health morbidity and life expectancy. Also children from socially excluded neighbourhoods are more likely to get involved in crime. They may get involved with other children in the neighbourhood or school who are involved in unhealthy activities for example drugs, alcohol and smoking. These activities are usually caused by children joining gangs who participate in these events. The peer pressures caused by the gangs are what lead to these unhealthy activities. Office of (D.P.M 2004 September 9th) states that in most cases social exclusion is concentrated in the poorest communities and neighbourhoods. When a person is socially excluded they find it hard to creatively take part in most of the society’s activities for example taking part in local elections, leisure centres which are available in the community. This can have a long term effect on them when they grow up; they might find it very hard to achieve good grades which can lead to unemployment in the future. (DPM 2004) states that education can be used to  predict future outcomes in the areas of employability, health, criminal activity and earnings. This can also be used to achieve a reduction in social exclusion. In this we have discovered that social exclusion is the gap between those who are forced to the fringe and those who are active members of the society. We have seen how socially exclusion can affect our health and wellbeing. Also our behaviour, we have seen that social exclusion can have a great impact on children’s education which can determine their future employability, health, criminal activities and earnings. This essay explores how we live can affect our health and wellbeing. It van have an impact on a persons mental health, behaviour and physical health problems. This essay shows how a one event can have a big impact on the whole family involved. It can affect the present and their tomorrow (future). The evidence shows that once a change of events in ones life and how the person deals with it negatively, it can be devastating. This is because our bodies react differently to stress. References: www.york.ac.uk/inst/spru/research/pdf/drivers.pdf Abnormal psychology by Richard gross& rob mcllvoen Http://www.smokingadvice.info/smoking-advice/effects-of-smoking.php http://www.hindawl.com/journals/jeph www.ash .org.uk/beyondsmokingkills.co.uk http://sciencenordic.com/how-stress-can-cause-depression AS & a level psychology through diagram by Grahame hill www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/lowincome.html/ The guardian July 9th 2013 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/homlessnes

Coping with Quotations

Coping with Quotations Coping with Quotations Coping with Quotations By Mark Nichol A stock element of effective writing is to employ a quotation by a noted writer or other famous person to illustrate a point. But take care that when you seek to strengthen your work by alluding directly to another’s, you don’t in fact weaken it by committing one of the following errors: Attributing the Quote to the Wrong Source The Bible, William Shakespeare, and Mark Twain are sources of many memorable sentiments, but not every one. Some expressions or observations are paraphrases from Scripture, lines from other playwrights, or witticisms that Twain (or Benjamin Franklin, or Abraham Lincoln, or one of the other usual suspects) might wish he had actually thought up. (Sometimes, they are reworkings or inventions of biographers or other commentators.) Before you attribute a quotation, confirm authorship. If the source is doubtful, signal the lack of certainty by amending your statement of credit, for example, from â€Å"The observation of Benjamin Franklin . . .† to â€Å"The observation attributed to Benjamin Franklin . . .† or from â€Å"As Abraham Lincoln once said . . .† to â€Å"As Abraham Lincoln is believed to have said . . . .† Misquoting the Original Material Many quotations we take for granted are in fact not verbatim versions of the original statement. Sometimes, casual common use results in slightly altered wording becoming the standard interpretation. (See this list of misquoted quotations.) Again, confirm accuracy before repeating what you think someone wrote or said, or what a not-necessarily-reliable source passed on. Sometimes, however, the error may be deliberate: At the close of the film version of The Maltese Falcon, private detective Sam Spade’s last line comments on what all the fuss was about: â€Å"The stuff that dreams are made of.† This insight is based on a line from Shakespeare’s play The Tempest: â€Å"We are such stuff as dreams are made on.† Don’t blame Dashiell Hammett, author of the story the movie was based on; the line, which didn’t appear in the original, was crafted by director/screenwriter John Huston. It’s a potent phrase, revealing that Spade recognizes the futility of a quest to recover the titular treasure. But it also demonstrates that he is likely well educated enough to (slightly) misquote Shakespeare. To have him proclaim or even mutter, â€Å"The stuff that dreams are made on† would sound pretentious; the fact that he made a small error somehow makes his observation more authentic. Alternately, the character’s error might be a conscious decision: The preposition in â€Å"made on† implies that the â€Å"stuff† is a foundation for building dreams, while â€Å"made of† means that the â€Å"stuff† is the ingredient Spade’s more accurate assessment, in this case. Mistakenly Crediting Invention Shakespeare is widely hailed as the inventor of hundreds of words, phrases, and expressions. It is true that he and some of his contemporaries are responsible for enriching the English language by preserving numerous vivid terms, witty turns of phrase, and trenchant observations many of which we may use without realizing their origin for posterity. But it is more accurate to think of Shakespeare and other Elizabethan writers not as inventors of new words but as their distributors. We are forever in their debt for recording what they heard spoken on the street, at the market, and in the tavern or at court or the pithy prose from a speech or a letter, appropriating it for use in a play or a sonnet. It is to the Bard and his colleagues that we owe knowledge and use of words like hobnob, phrases such as â€Å"fair play,† and observations the likes of â€Å"All that glitters [originally, glisters] is not gold.† In addition, Shakespearean scholars are revising their estimates of the dates of completion for some of his plays; therefore, a contemporary playwright or other author thought to have quickly borrowed one of his coinages may have actually coined the word himself, and Shakespeare may in fact be the borrower. Although Shakespeare and others to whom we attribute such gems may have coined some of them, we err in invariably assigning them credit for their invention. It is better to say that someone popularized an existing word, phrase, or expression, which is laudable enough. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Opening Lines to Inspire the Start of Your Story50 Idioms About Fruits and Vegetables

How Teachers Should Rethink the Summer Work Packet

How Teachers Should Rethink the Summer Work Packet Simply stated: Summer vacation has a negative impact on academic performance. In the book  Influences And Effect Sizes Related To Student Achievement  (updated 2016) by John Hattie and Greg Yates,  39 studies  were used  to rank the effect of summer vacation on student achievement. The findings using this data  are posted on the  Visible Learning  website. They noted that  summer vacation has one of the greatest negative effects (  -.02 effect) on student learning. To combat this negative impact, many teachers in middle and high schools are encouraged to create discipline-specific summer assignment packets. These packets are an attempt to equalize academic practice for all students during summer  vacation. The summer assignment packets that teachers distribute at the end of a school year are designed for students to practice  a few hours every week  throughout the summer. What happens in reality, however, is that completing the summer packet often turns into a  contentious activity. Students may wait until the last possible moment to do schoolwork or lose the packet entirely. Additionally, depending on the grade level, subject, or teacher, summer work packets vary in quality, length, and intensity. Examples of high school summer assignments on the Internet vary from two pages of geometry that can be completed online to  22 pages of geometry problems that must be downloaded to complete. Multiple Advanced Placement courses, such as AP English Literature, show the disparity in summer assignments with some schools offering a choice (Read three novels from this list) to a required five novels matched with pages and pages of worksheets. There is no standardized summer assignment packet for middle and high schools. Who Complains About Summer Assignment Packets? Complaints against the assigned summer work packets come from each of the stakeholders: parents, teachers, and students. Their complaints are understandable. Parents may  argue for freedom from summer assignment packets suggesting that â€Å"My child needs a break,† or  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Why must we do this to students every summer?† or This is more work for me than for my child! Teachers are not happy to begin the school year with a pile of summer assignment papers to grade. Despite their best intentions in creating the packets, they do not want to start the year collecting or chasing students for summer assignment work.   Harris Cooper,  chairman of the department of psychology and neuroscience at Duke University, addressed these  concerns in his brief essay Forgotten on Vacation. His response was featured in  an editorial debate in the New York Times titled  The Crush of Summer Homework  in which several prominent educators were asked their opinions on summer assignments. Cooper was one who chose to respond as to how parents can meet the demands of the summer assignment packet: Parents, if the assignments are clear and reasonable, support the teachers. When your child says I’m bored (what parent hasn’t heard this on a rainy summer day?) suggest they work on an assignment. He also responded to the concerns of teachers: My advice? Teachers, you need to be careful about what and how much summer homework you assign. Summer homework shouldn’t be expected to overcome a student’s learning deficits; that’s what summer school is for. However, in another response, What Low Achievers Need,  Tyrone Howard, associate professor at the UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, suggested that summer assignment packets do not work. He offered an alternative to the summer assignment packet:   A better approach than homework is to have more intensive, small learning community-type summer school programs that last four to six weeks. Many educators who contributed to the NY Times debate   The Crush of Summer Homework  viewed summer assignments as  a measure of accountability or student responsibility rather than an academic practice. They argued that many of the students who do not complete homework assignments as academic practice during the school year are unlikely to complete summer assignments. Missing or incomplete work is reflected in student grades, and missing or incomplete summer assignments can damage a students grade point average (GPA). For example, some of the summer work assignments posted for high school students on the Internet include warnings, such as: Certain mathematical practice packets may take more than one day to complete. Dont wait until the last minute!The teacher will personally consult with the student and/or parent if  the student does not hand in the summer work packet on the first day of class.This work will be 3% of your first quarter grade. 10 points will be deducted for each day it is late. Seeing the impact on a students GPA for incomplete or missing summer work, many educators argue, If teachers cannot get students to turn in homework during the school year, especially when they see them every day, what is the chance that these summer work assignments will be completed? Student Complaints But  students are the  most vocal group arguing against the summer assignment packet.    The question  Should students be given summer homework?  was featured on  Ã‚  Debate.org.   18% Students say Yes to summer assignments82% Students say No  to summer assignments Comments from the debate arguing against summer assignments included: Summer homework takes around 3 days and it feels like the whole summer  (7th grade student).Mostly summer homework is just a review so you dont really learn anything. Im going into 8th grade and Im not learning anything its all a review for me.If a student really wants to learn, they will do extra work, without it being assigned.The homework should just be suggestions, to stop students from stressing out over work that probably wont even be checked. In contrast, there were some students who saw value in summer assignments, but most of these comments reflected the attitudes of students who already expected additional work from their advanced level classes. I, for example, am going to be enrolling in an Advanced Literature course next year and have been assigned two books to read this summer, an essay to write... this pushes me to find out more information about the subject matter that will be in the course. While students who take the advanced level (Advanced Placement, honors,  International Baccalaureate, or college credit courses) like the one above fully expect to engage in an academic practice, there are other students who do not see the importance keeping their academic skills sharp.  While a summer packet is designed to help all students, regardless of ability, the  student who may not complete the work may be the very student who most needs the practice. No Buy-in from Students In an interview posted on Great Schools,  Denise Pope, senior lecturer at the Stanford University School of Education and co-founder of  Challenge Success, a research, and student-intervention project, agrees that the months off for summer vacation is too long a time for students to not do anything, but she expressed concern stating  I’m not sure this idea of giving workbooks and pages and pages of handouts works.†Ã‚  Her reason for why summer assignments may not work?  No student buy-in: â€Å"In order for any learning to be retained, there has to be engagement on the part of the students.† She explained that students must be intrinsically motivated to complete the systematic practice that is designed for the summer assignments. Without student motivation, an adult must monitor the work, which according to Pope, puts a burden more on the parents.† What Does Work? Reading! One of the best research-based recommendations for summer assignments is to assign reading. Rather than spending the time to create and then grade a summer assignment packet that may or may not be done at all, educators should be encouraged to assign reading. This reading can be discipline specific, but by far, the best way to have students maintain academic skills during the summer-at every grade level- is to encourage their motivation to read. Offering students choice  in reading can improve their motivation and participation. In a meta-analysis titled  Reading Takes You Places: A Study of a Web-based Summer Reading Program,  Ya-Ling Lu, and Carol Gordon recorded ways that student choice in reading increased engagement which led to improved academic achievement. In the study the traditionally required reading lists of classics were replaced with   recommendations based on several of the following  research-based guidelines: 1. People who say they read more read better (Krashen 2004), therefore the primary purpose of the [summer] program is to encourage students to read more.2. In order to encourage students to read more, the primary purpose of summer reading is reading for fun rather than for academic purposes.3. Student choice is an important element in reading engagement (Schraw et al. 1998) including the choice to pursue personal reading interests.4. Materials and materials access can be Web-based (Note:  92% of teens report going online daily - including 24% who say they go online â€Å"almost constantly,† Pew  Research Center) The results showed an increase in student motivation and engagement, leading to improved academic performance. Summer Packets vs. Reading Despite the research  that proves motivation and systemic practice must be in place for summer assignment packets to help the student,  many teachers, particularly at the middle and high school levels, will still assign summer work packets. Their time and effort, however, may be better spent assigning reading in their content area, and where possible, offering student choice in reading. While summer vacation allows students to have time to play and to relax, why  not encourage students to practice over the summer the kind of academic practice that reinforces a life-long critical skill, the skill of reading? Additional Research on Summer Reading: Allington, Richard.  Summer Reading: Closing the Rich/Poor Reading Achievement Gap.  NY:  Teachers College Press, 2012. Fairchild, Ron. Summer: A Season When Learning is Essential. Afterschool Alliance. Center for Summer Learning. 2008. Web. afterschoolalliance.org/issue_briefs/issue_summer_33.pdf Kim, Jimmy. â€Å"Summer Reading and the Ethnic Achievement Gap.† Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR). 2004. Web. ala.org/research/librariesmatter/node/161 Krashen, Stephen. Free Reading. Pasco School District. School Library Journal. 2006. Web. psd1.org/cms/lib4/WA01001055/centricity/domain/34/admin/free reading (2).pdf National Summer Learning Association. n.d.  summerlearning.org/about-nsla/ Report of the National Reading Panel: Findings and Determinations of the National Reading Panel by Topic Areas.† National Institute of Health. 2006. Web. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubs/nrp/Pages/findings.aspx

Reasons For Failureof an Estimated 66% of all Change Initiatives Essay

Reasons For Failureof an Estimated 66% of all Change Initiatives - Essay Example Change initiatives come under different names such as total quality management, restructuring, cultural change and rightsizing among others (Ismail 2011, p. 3). The main drivers of change include mergers and acquisitions, innovation, technological change, decreased sales or market share and reorganization. Other drivers of change are globalization, a sense of urgency and the case when 75 percent of the leadership in an organization honestly gets convinced that the organization, as it is currently, is not an acceptable plan (Kotter, 1995, p. 3). However, the main motivation behind organizational change is to enable it to deal with a new and more challenging market by introducing changes to the way it conducts it activities. Despite the critical role that organizational change plays, failure to maintain significant change occurs time and again (Kotter 1995, p. 3). This is even despite the fact that a significant amount of resources is invested in such initiatives as highly talented hum an resources and high capital investment. As noted by Ismail (2011, p. 3), changes intended to target improvement of quality, enhance culture and turn around corporate collapse only end up giving lukewarm results. They assert that more than 66 percent of these change initiatives fail miserably (Ismail 2011, p. 4). The paper seeks to presents the reasons behind such high failures of organizational changes. Reasons Why Change Initiatives Fail According to Kotter (1995, p. 3), after observing various organizations – be they large or small organizations – introduce change, only a few have been successful. Most of these change initiatives fail during the course of their implementation. The basic lesson learnt from the successful initiatives is that the process of change goes through phases which require a considerable length of time. In case a step is skipped in the process of change, the organization can never get satisfying results (Harris 2006, p. 37). In addition, any m istake made during any of the steps can spell doom for the success of the initiatives. One of the major mistakes which can lead to failure of the change initiative is failure to establish a large enough sense of urgency. Every successful change initiative starts when some persons or a group in an organization assess the competitive situation, technological trends, market position and financial standing (Harris 2006, p. 38). After identifying any drawback in the performance of the organization, such individuals are able to communicate such information pointing out to the potential risks and the potential opportunities available. In organizations which go through successful change, such information is communicated in a timely manner and the organization begins aggressive measures to bring changes. However, some organizations fail right from this initial step. As stated by Cummings (2008, p. 37), people are the greatest impediment to change. Consequently, when a proposal to bring chang es to the organization are suggested, organization executives start feeling that introduction of changes can result in reduced morale among employees, the senior management will be apprehensive to such change proposed and that change may run out of control. Additionally, the executives may fear that the change could negatively affect the short-term targets of the business, that the stock prices would be negatively affected and that they can be blamed for causing

Marketing Foundations and Applications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Foundations and Applications - Essay Example New product development often entails modifying an existing product or creating totally different offerings to satisfy a current need. In these product developments, business organizations may encounter hardships in identifying features which adds value to the customer. There are cases when current products cannot be enhanced because of shortage of ideas that can improve the offering. A good example of detergent soaps. Companies may be hindered in developing new detergent products which can boost the satisfaction of customer in this particular product. Next, product development can be unlikely because the business organization is operating in a fragmented market which implies that they need to aim their new products at smaller market segments thereby generating only meager profits and revenues. When developing new products, companies should take into account all of its current market and not just a segment of it. If not, the new product developed will completely change the positioning of the business organization in the industry and may also discourage their current customers in purchasing the new product. With the increasing clamor for being socially responsible, companies are often under the scrutiny and regulations of social organizations and the government. New product development can be critised because of the hazard that these products can bring to the consuming public. An example of this is the growing concern for obesity in the global arena which forces business organizations to modify their products and add only those which have more health benefits. Another criticism of product development is the large cost associated in the process which cannot be adequately provided for by the business organization. New product developments are investments which companies undertake. It should be noted that as investments, the greater the possible gain, the greater the risks which should be incurred. Product development can bring adverse financial impact to business organizations if gains are not realized. Another criticism of product development is the faster required development time which is needed in order to account for shorter product life cycle. It should be noted that the key to the success of a company is often linked to its ability of bringing products to the market at speed faster than its competitors. 2. What are the features and characteristics that differentiate business-to-business markets from consumer markets Illustrate your answers with examples. Since marketing deals with the identification and provision of customer needs, companies are intensifying their efforts in knowing their customers. Business organizations often cater to individual buyers which are collectively called consumer markets and other commercial

See instruction section. There are 5 topics to choose from Term Paper

See instruction section. There are 5 topics to choose from - Term Paper Example Obesity rates among adolescents in the United States have tripled since 1963. More than one-third (33.6%) of U.S. children and adolescents are either obese or at risk of becoming obese, with significant variations across ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Overweight children have a 70% chance of being overweight or obese as adults and an 80% chance if one or more parent is overweight or obese. Obesity increases various health related risks both in childhood and into adulthood (American Heart Association, 2005 cited in Goldberg and Gunasti, 2007).). It is estimated that at current rates, the lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes (and many related health problems) is 30% for boys and 40% for girls (McGinnis et al., 2006 cited in (Goldberg and Gunasti, 2007).). Other associated health problems for which obesity increases the risk include high cholesterol, high blood pressure, asthma, and general poor health† (Koplan et al., 2005). Needless to say, the social factors that affect the healt h of Americans breed diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It has to be mentioned that the present economic environment of the US is far from ideal because it is still recovering from the financial crisis. Thus, both customers and organizations alike are in cost saving mode in order to cope with the current economic situation. This is however not peculiar in the health care industry because the current difficult economic situation is felt across America’s industries whether in healthcare, finance, auto etch. Policy wise, the most significant economic development in the health care industry is the implementation of the pay for performance because it can affect the bottom line and viability of a health care provider institution. â€Å"Pay-for-performance or P4P is a quality improvement strategy that employs financial incentives to improve compliance with evidence-based clinical practice guidelines, to improve patient experience, to

Extraction and Determination of Met and MHA

Extraction and Determination of Met and MHA Determination of Methionine and Methionine Hydroxy Analogue in the Forms of Free or Metal Chelates Contained in Feed Formulations by RP-HPLC M. Salahinejad,* F .Aflaki Abstract: Methionine is often the first or second limiting amino acid in most diets and so is most representative of amino acids fed as nutritional supplements. It commonly supplemented as DL-methionine or as methionine hydroxy analogue. A simple and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and determination of DL-methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue in forms of free or in forms of metal- chelates contained in feed samples is described. The sample extraction procedure was performed using HCl solution and heating in an autoclave or oven, which followed by the addition of EDTA and acetonitrile. Quantification and detection were carried out by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography on a NovaPak C18 column with ultraviolet detection at 214 nm. With a mobile phase consisted of 5% acetonitrile + 1.5% sodiumdihydrogenphosphate in water, the chromatographic run time were 6 min. The detection limit for DL-methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue were 2.33 and 5.46  µg mL− 1 andMAMwith the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was 4.4 and 7.3% (C = 10  µg mL−1, n = 5) respectively. The recoveries of methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue in feed samples were > 97%. Keywords: Methionine hydroxy analogue, DL-methionine, Metal-chelates, Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) Introduction For optimum health and performance, the animals diets must contain adequate quantities of all nutrients needed, including amino acid. The essential amino acid furthest below the level needed to build protein is known as limiting amino acid. The shortage of limiting amino acid will constrain animal growth, reduce feed efficiency and in extreme cases cause a nutritional deficiency [1]. Methionine and lysine considered the most limiting amino acids in most animal diets. Supplementation of methionine may be accomplished by the addition of DL-methionine or the hydroxyl analogue of methionine (DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid) [2]. Fig. 1 represents the structures of DL-methionine (Met) and methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA). Organic forms like metal chelates of transition metal ions in particular Zinc (II), Copper (II) and Manganese (II) with amino acids and peptides are widely used in animal feeding as they appear to induce as faster growth and better resistance to various diseases in comparison with the simple inorganic salts [3]. It has been suggested that these effects are correlated with the improved metal bio-availability. The chelates are absorbed in the small intestine, possibly using transporters for amino acids small peptides [4]. Many forms of metal complexes with amino acid chelates and hydrolyzed proteins are commercially available, as metal amino acid chelates and complexed chelated (metal) proteinates (CCP) respectively [5-7]. The methionine hydroxyl analogue largely used in animal nutrition as a source of methionine, forms stable chelates with divalent metals of formula [{CH3SCH2CH2CHOHCOO}2 M].nH2O [8]. Several methods have been used for DL-methionine determination including ion exchange chromatography in combination with pre or post column derivatization [9] and amino acid analyzer [10]. These methods are not applicable to the determination of methionine hydroxy analogue because it contains ÃŽ ±-hydroxy instead of ÃŽ ±-amino group (Fig.1). Gas chromatography [10] electrophoresis [11] and high performance chromatography [12-14] were used for determination of MHA. (a) (b) Fig.1. Structures of (a) DL-methionine and (b) methionine hydroxy analogue. The use of so-called variant recipes in the production of industrial feeds causes that in practice the analyst encounters a differentiated and unknown composition of the so-called matrix, i.e. the elements of a feed mixture that in many cases made it hard to isolate and at times even make it impossible to mark MHA in the environment of a feed mixture [15]. Moreover the accurate determination of methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue contained in the metallic chelates of feeds depended on complete releasing of methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue from metals. The purpose of the paper was to develop and evaluate the method of simultaneous determination of MHA and Met in forms of free or in forms of chelates in compound feed samples. Material and Methods Apparatus Chromatographic determination were performed on a Waters Liquid Chromatograph which consisted of Waters 1525 Binary HPLC pump, Waters 2487 Dual ÃŽ » absorbance detector, Breeze data processing system and C18 NovaPack column. An adjustable rocker shaker (Cole- Parmer ® 60Hz) and a feed grinder to facilitate sample preparation were used. Reagents and standards The stock standard solution of Met and MHA was prepared weekly using DL- Methionine (extra pure, Merck) and Alimet (commercial name of the hydroxy-analogue of methionine containing 89.7% MHA in 0.1 N HCl respectively. All working solutions were prepared by diluting the stock standards as necessary. Deionized distilled water obtained from a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Milford, USA) was used for standard dilutions and other necessary preparations. All other chemicals such as NaH2PO4, extra pure; acetonitril, isocratic grade; EDTA (disodium salt) 99%, HCl 37%, orthophosphoric acid 85% and sodium hydroxyl, analytical reagent grade, were supplied by Merck. Sample preparation Aliquots of finely ground samples (mean particle size of 600  µm) containing 0.1 gr methionine hydroxy analogues (MHA) or 0.1 gr DL-methionine (Met) in forms of free or in forms of metal-chelates were added in 20 ml of 0.1 N HCl solution and heated in autoclave in steam flow in 120 oC for 5 min or in oven with 90 oC for 20 min. After cooling, by adding 20 ml of EDTA solution (10% W/V) and 5 ml of acetonitrile, the samples were shacked for 10 min and then solutions were filtered using 0.45  µm filter. Volume is filled to 100 ml with distilled water and a proportion of solution injected onto the HPLC column. Fig.2. Chromatogram of the extracted Met and MHA from feed. Chromatographic conditions Separation and quantitation of MHA and Met have been performed with reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The column was NovaPak C18 (150 Ãâ€" 4.6 mm, 5  µm) in ambient temperature. Samples were injected in volumes ranging from 5 to 20  µl using Rehodyne injector. The solvent system for separation of Met and MHA consisted of 5% acetonitrile + 1.5% NaH2PO4 in water. Using this isocratic mobile phase the chromatographic run time was 6 min. After this, a washing step was programmed to 40% acetonitrile in mobile phase so that any residual sample components would be cleaned from the column. The washing step was 5 min and column conditioned by primary mobile phase for 4 min prior the next injection. The flow rate, UV wavelength and detector attenuation used was respectively 1 ml min-1, 214 nm and 0.2 a.u.f.s. The amounts of MHA and Met contained in the samples were determined by interpolating the value of the peak area of calibration curves obtained by inject ing 5, 10, 15, 20 ÃŽ ¼l of mixed standard solution containing 200 mgr L-1 Met and 400 mgr L-1 MHA. The bulk standard was prepared weekly. Fig.2 shows a chromatogram which obtained by injection of the extracted sample solution. Statistical analysis In order to verify differences of effecting factors on extraction efficiency, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied with the level of significance set at 0.05. The SPSS statistical program (SPSS Inc, Illinois, USA) was used to perform all statistical calculations. Results Study of effective factors on extraction efficiency of Met and MHA The effect of various parameters such as temperature, heating time, the presence or absence of hydrochloric acid (variation of pH) and EDTA (as a strong ligand) in the recovery of the Met and MHA in the forms of free or metal-chelates were investigated. Table 1 shows the mean recovery of the Met and MHA in the forms of free or metal-chelates from compounded feed at 90 oC for 20 min in 0.1 N HCl and distilled water. Recovery tests were performed by adding known amounts of different forms of Met and MHA to a compounded feed which its basic elements was: maize, wheat bran, soybean ground grain, fish meal, plant oil, calcium phosphate, mineral vitamin premix. The recovery of free Met and MHA from compounded feed by distilled water was > 96%, while the recovery of Met and MHA from metal-chelate was 95%. Table 1 Mean recovery of the Met and MHA from compounded feed with distilled water and 0.1 N HCl solutions at 90 oC for 20 min. a: n = 4 Different temperatures (25-120 oC) in different period of times (5 min -3 hours) were examined to evaluation of the effects of temperature and heating time in the simultaneous extraction of Met and MHA in both forms. Based on extraction efficiency of the Met and MHA in the forms of free or metal-chelates, three conditions including: Autoclave (T: 120 oC, t: 5 min), Oven (T: 90 oC, t: 20 min) and Room temperature (t: 3 hours) were chosen. The effect of strong ligand such as EDTA on extraction of Met and MHA in forms of metal-chelate was investigated. Table 2 represents the mean recovery of the Met and MHA in forms of metal-chelate in different heating condition (different temperature and time) in the presence or absence of EDTA as a strong ligand. The results illustrated in Table 2 reveal that the extraction of the MHA from MHA metal-chelates in feed was about 94% with heating by autoclave in 120 oC for 5 min or oven at 90 oC for 20 min. By adding the EDTA solution to the samples the recovery of MHA from MHA metal-chelates become > 97%. The recovery of the Met was > 96% even in ambient temperature and ETDA do not show a considerable effect on the Met recovery from the feed. Table 2 Mean recovery of Met and MHA (0.1 N HCl solution) in three different conditions: Autoclave (T: 120 oC, t: 5 min), Oven (T: 90 oC, t: 20 min), Room temperature: (T: 27 oC, t: 3 hours) Analytical performance of the method Quality variables including the limit of detection (LOD) and precision, as the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.), were investigated to evaluate the analytical performance of the proposed method. According to the IUPAC identification [16] the limit of detection (LOD, 3ÃŽ ´) of the proposed method was 2.33 and 5.46  µg mL−1 for Met and MHA respectively. MAMwith The R.S.D. was 4.4 and 7.3% (C = 10  µg mL−1, n = 5) for Met and MHA respectively. Good linear relationships exist for peak area counts versus the amount of Met and MHA (Fig. 3). The regression equation for calibration curves for Met was Y = 209551x + 296453 with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9983 and for MHA was Y = 182603x + 294054with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9995 where Y is the peak area counts and x is the concentration (ppm) of analyte. Table 3 Recovery of Met or MHA from pure metal chelates complex. a: n = 4 Fig.3. Calibration curves for MHA and Met analysis. Method evaluation For evaluation of the described method, the recovery of Met or MHA from pure Met or MHA metal-chelates were determined (Table 3). The results show good agreement between the results of the mentioned method and the value which declared by the producers. The precision was determined by calculating the relative standard deviation of four analyses for each condition. The method also was applied for simultaneous extraction and determination of different forms of Met and MHA from compounded feed. As shown in Table 4, the obtained results prove a good agreement of the mean content of Met or MHA in mixtures with the declaration. Table 4 Simultaneous determination of different forms of Met and MHA from compounded feed. Table 5 Content of Met or MHA in the analyzed industrial feed mixtures (g/Kg). a: n = 4 In order to evaluate the effect of typical sample matrix, numerous industrial feed samples, which their Met or MHA content declared by the producer, originating from Iran, Germany, Italy and France was qualitatively examined. The results (Table 5) show a good agreement between the obtained mean content with the declaration of free or metal-chelate form of Met or MHA in industrial feed mixtures. Basing on the above results, the usefulness of the described method for determination of the Met and MHA in form of free or in forms of metal-chelates in feed mixtures can be stated. Discussion The solubility of DL-methionine in aqueous solutions increases 5-fold (176.0 Vs 33.8 g L-1) when temperature is increased from 25 to 100 oC [17,18]. Different temperatures (25-120 oC) in different period of times (5 min -3 hours) was examined to evaluation of the effects of temperature and heating time in simultaneous extraction of Met and MHA in free or metal-chelate forms. The temperature and the time of extraction have inverse effects on extraction efficiency of both analyts. When temperature increases, the time required for maximum extraction of both analyts decrease and vise versa. By performing analysis of variance (ANOVA) and student t-test between different conditions (different temperature and time) the three conditions: autoclave 120 oC for 5 min, oven 90 oC for 20 min and room temperature for 3 hours had no significant differences ( p > 0.05) in extraction efficiency of Met and MHA in free forms (as shown in Table 2). But extraction in room temperature significantly had lo wer recovery in metal-chelate form of Met and MHA. Therefore, for simultaneous extraction of Met and MHA in free or metal-chelate forms, the 90 oC for 20 min was chosen. pH can play a unique role on metal–chelate formation or releasing of metal from metal-chelates [19]. Experiments have shown DL- methionine extraction recoveries obtained with hydrochloric acid and with distilled water at ambient temperature are not statistically different [20]. Therefore the extraction of Met and MHA in free forms could be done with distilled water at 90 oC for 20 min. The application of this procedure to be unsuitable for extraction of Met and MHA contained in metallic chelates. As shown in Table 1, the extraction recovery of Met and MHA in metal-chelate forms with distilled water is significantly lower (p EDTA is a stronger ligand than MHA therefore it can form more stable complex with metals and it must affect on recovery of MHA. Therefore by adding EDTA solution to the samples the recovery of MHA (> 97%) from MHA metal-chelates were significantly higher, but this has no significant effect on Met extraction recovery. Conclusion A simple, rapid and reliable method for simultaneous extraction and determination of Met and MHA in forms of free or in forms of metal-chelates in feed samples has been developed. This method can be used for analysis of free methionine or methionine hydroxy analogue as well as their metal-chelate form, from industrial feed samples without any variation. It involves a simple procedure sample preparation using 0.1 N HCl solutions and heating in autoclave or oven, which followed by addition of EDTA and acetonitrile, and quantitation by an isocratic HPLC analysis on a C18 column. References: [1] M. Korhonen, A.Vanhatalo, P. Huhtanen, J.Driry.Sci., 85 (2002) 1533. [2] D.Hoehler, M. Rademacher, R. Mosenthin, Advances in pork production, 16 (2005) 109. [4] T. L. Stanton, D. Schutz, C. 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