Reinforcement Theory Essay Example for Free

Reinforcement Theory EssayQ 1 Identify the practices of organization that are indicating the act of reinforcement theory?Answer1. Focus on proper training before giving task to the employees2. Monitoring the performance of employees.3. Formulation of procedures, rules and regulations in detail.4. strictness in compliance of rules.Q 2 You are required to suggest some measures of positive reinforcement that can be implemented by the management of micro chip Soft restaurant. Answer1. The manager can start a practice to greet the employees and having pleasant conversation with those who came on time at start of twenty-four hours and conduct a humble meeting with staff at closing of day and praised and say thanks those who performed good during the day. These practices will decrease late arrivals and aboriginal leaver.2. The management can start Employee of the month award scheme in which at end of every month letter of appreciation along with small cash price will be give to the employee how performed well during the month. 3. A roll of honor board should be maintained at prominent redact in the restaurant where everyone can see it. The pictures of Employee of the month pasted on that board. Q 3 Assess which level of Maslows hierarchy of need the organization is gratifying for lower level staff and managerial level staff?Explain AnswerAs per Maslows hierarchy of need, there are following volt levels of human needs i. Biological Need The basic requirement for survival of human body e.g. food, water, air and shelter etc. ii. Safety Need shield from Cold, Heat, Sand, Storm, Earthquake, Animals, Enemies iii. Social Need love, acceptance, belonging etc.iv. Self Esteem Respect, reorganizationv. Self Actualization challenging tasks,In case of lower level workers the nappy and Soft restaurant management is satisfying level 1 by providing free meal and uniform, paying salaries at reasonable rate and level 2 by making HVAC arrangement for workers. In case of management staff, the restaurant management is trying to satisfying level 3 along with level 1 and 2 also, by providing good salaries (level 1), good working environment (level 2) and membership of social club of restaurant to their staff(level 3) where they can attend get to gathers, family dinners etc.

Captain John Smith Essay Example for Free

Captain John Smith EssayI am honored for having the opportunity to travel to the Okapaka Islands. As an embassador of America, I found that this trip was of utmost importance. The journey was long for it had been insisted to travel by vessel. After making port on Auckland Island in the Webling Bay, I boarded an outre dory with a native as skipper. The voy era was a bit unsettling for my stomach yet remarkable for my eyes. The water cleared of pollutants as we neared the desolate island. As we approached the makeshift dock, I could make out figures gathering long the shoreline. Upon my arrival from sea, the natives greeted me by thumping there chest twice with a closed fist. What I had first though as a sign of aggression I found out was, in fact, there way of greeting my captain and me. As I took my first steps onto their red sand shoreline, they proceeded to thump their chests. A man ornamented in ostrich feathers stepped forward and proceed to click his tongue at different i ntervals this I assumed was how they talked. Even with a language barrier, I followed this man and his faction into their village.The reaction from these inhabitants overwhelmed me. Without even knowing me, they welcomed me into their homes and their families.I can distinctly recall the children of the village running around trying to catch a single gaze at the new comer that was me. This young boy, no sure-enough(a) than ten, ran up to me and smiled. It was astonishing to witness firsthand I had never thought I could ever witness something this heart touching from a complete stranger. They held a ceremony the night of my arrival. The whole village and I gathered around an enormous hearth and garnished me in an array of furs. I was surprised again by having them shower me with red sand from the shoreline. A timeworn elder stepped forward onto the hearth with his arms raised. It was easy to observe that he was well beyond the age most hope to live. He began speaking in a rhythmic w ay that had everyones attention. I caught myself leaning forward eager by his words. This was the spot I knew these people needed to visit our struggling nation. We have long lost the little things we once had. These men and women and children might hold the key to righting our nation, and possibly the world. They managed to preserve their culture, their beliefs, and their lives among all these other countries that have forgotten where they came from.

Music Therapy for Children With Learning Disabilities

practice of medicine Therapy for Children With Learning Disabilities melody therapy A psychotherapy for the well world of children with learnedness disabilitiesZahra Sultan SomaniMusic is an inbuilt piece of every culture. The impact of harmony in childrens lives may be demonstrated through childrens literature in different languages, through lullabies and traditional plays (Dastgheib et al. , 2013). In my opinion, medicament therapy plays a pivotal role in shaping different domains of the personality. Music therapy is the order use of medicament by a board-certified person to effect positive forms in the psychological, physical, cognitive, or social functioning of individuals with health or educational problems. (Barksdale, 2003). (Gilroy downwind 1995). Layman (1999) states that practice of medicine therapy is the controlled use of music with the objective of helping people to overcome their problems. Whereas Bruscia (1987), suggests that music therapy involves the use of organized music in the outgrowth of the lymph glandtherapist relationship to promote the physical, mental, social and emotional well-being of the client. (Savarimuthu Bunnell, 2002) The various types of music therapy activities consist of either playing songs or improvisational music (i. e. , spontaneous music making).During my mental health clinical rotation, I visited Ma Ayesha Memorial Hospital where I encountered many children with developmental and learning disabilities. They were being taught music in their civilise curriculum. The students took an active spark collide with in the singing, instrument playing and were clapping as well. they all were happy and learning via the therapy. This experience propelled me to take up this topic in order to understand how music affects children with learning disabilities, how it shapes ones life towards betterment. There ar some questions running in my head what is the philosophy skunk music therapies, how these therapies bring s in change? The paper is Organized in the following sections (1) Background of music (2) Music therapy Approaches (3) importance of music (4)impact of music therapy and its contributions(5)recommendations for the implicationsBackgroundThe development of music therapy as a profession has continued since the power of music as a universal means of communication was first discovered in ancient times. In literature ranging from that of the Egyptians and Greeks to that of the present day, the power of music is evident. The shaman or medicine man in many cultures used music in a flash in healing and was aware of its curative powers long before the advent of the profession of music therapy. In classical Greece, Pythagoras described the healthful properties of specific melodious intervals and modes to promote health. Platos Laws, a work that contains a description of music and movement as a prescription for restoring health and harmony, drew associations between music and the moral welfa re of the nation. (Barksdale, 2003).Music Therapy ApproachesMajor approaches to music therapy include analytical psychology theory and classical conditioning theory. Analytical psychology theory is prone by Carl Jung. According to Jung, the aim of any therapy should be one of the realizations of the authentic self, or making ones issues conscious where they were once unconscious. By dealing with these issues, one reveals the true self residing underneath the once unconscious issue. Music therapy can therefore be seen as sharing the same goals as the Jungian model of psychotherapy and musical preference, using music to express unconscious or inexpressible emotions (McClary 2007).Pavlovs behavioural concept of classical conditioning suggests that a preferred song or piece, if paired with a neutral product will produce a positive, or negative association between the two stimuli (Zander 2006). So, when a positive piece of music is amalgamated with positive object, the result will be posiitiive or depending how the client perceives it.The concept of music and its therapeutic effects are dated eons of years back, its gaining the limelight lately for 10-20 years in the field of health and in specific for learning diabilities. Though many children are termed as slow learners, but the prevalent cases are not much reported in specific. The former Lahore High Court judge and noted womens and child rights activistNasiraIqbal stated that 1. 8 million Pakistanis had learning disabilities, of which 0. 5 million lived in urban and 1. 3 million in rural areas. (The Express Tribune, 2013). sizeableness of music. Plato has beautifully described music as Music is a moral law. It gives soul to the universe, wings to the mind, and life to everything. Without music, life would be an error. Music is a way of life. It brings calmness in the mood. Not only humans, but birds, animals are capable to understand the melodies.I believe music plays an integral p contrivance in a childs growth. it gives a sense of upliftment and binds the children altogether. The department of education, UK, as well as agrees to it that music plays a pivotal role in the development of children. Childrens conflict in music connects children, boosting their self esteem, and gets the most out of their improvement in education and not merely in music. (Department of Education, 2011)Many Researches shoot exhibited a rate relation between music and improvement in version abilities in children It illustrates that children who were croakd with a certain type of music instruction had better skills of comprehending the reading material as compared to those who were not given instructions. (Department of Education, 2011)Straum (n. d. ) states that music can be used as a tool to encourage human development in cognitive, learning, perceptual, motor, social and emotional development. (Sze Yu, 2004)The impact of music therapy Music therapy is a way to connect to ones emotional side as well t o gain memory and attention span. It aids to achieve individual ambitions in assistance with a licensed professional. (American Music Therapy Association, 2007). It is a nonverbal and verbal processing on with physical activities (e. g. Playing instruments) for expressing feelings by provoking unconscious psyche of an individual. (Erkkil et al, 2011 Malchiodi2005). Today music has gained significant recognitionin many different clinical settings and is playing an important part in the field of learning disabilities (Dimond 1998), specially with people who view severe and profound disabilities. (SavarimuthuBunnell, 2002)In my opinion, the positive points of music therapy are unlimited and its soon being used in different health sectors. According to Dastgheib et al. , 2013, studies have reported many benefits of music therapy in managing different diseases, particularly in disorders colligate to the central nervous system. Widespread research has studied the impact of music on the brain and its role in neural cell growth. The process of music interpretation in the human brain is very similar to that of language processing. Indeed, many language areas overlap with those of music.Music can offer people with learning disabilities an environment in which they can develop and expand their social, cognitive and physical skills and improve their life (MacDonald et al. 1999) and in which they can learn to build a hold out rapport with others and enjoy healthy behaviour (Alvin Warwick 1994).Personally, I believe in order toavail benefits from the therapy, clients essentials to be motivated and requires to take part in therapy to the fullest. The mentioned authors in addition agrees to my view point. Both the involvement of Bunnell (1997) and Holford (1999) with clients with learning disabilities suggests that active participation can make music therapy more interesting and successful. They believe that clients should be encouraged to move in music making as it promotes self-esteem and confidence.Music integration provides children with concrete, hands-on experiences that are essential to developing each The childs cogency to reason, think, solve problems, analyze, evaluate, and to enhancing creativity (Houchens, 1983).Music has a direct effect on speech and communication portion of the brain. It assists in differentiating sounds. Also, it has a major effect in communicating schooling and in budding an understanding of language patterns. in regard to cognitive and academic, music helps in generating and memorizing mnemonics to teach specific academic information such as a address, telephone number etc . music therapy also have a positive impact in the progress of hand-eye coordination and gross and beauteous motor skills by playing an instrument. In the social sector, music therapy is proved to be a motivating agent. It instills the concept of conference work and each group member contribute an idea or word to a song in song writing . In this manner , music is being utilized to give rise a bonding where the child can enhance their self-esteem with other peers. (The music therapy shopping mall of California, 2005)On the other hand, musical intervention may have a negative impact on clients. One example is when the client is attached to a particular piece of music and rejects what the facilitator offers. Another example is when a client displaysinappropriatebehaviour, which does not allow the aims and objectives of the musical intervention to be met, and which hinders therapeuticcontact with the facilitator (Schalkwijk 1994). Insuch cases, music based interventions should beceased, but reintroduced at a later phasewhen the client is receptive to meet with the facilitator. The age and culture of clients are key factors, which needs to be considered for their choice of music may differ. Past experiences can also be set off by specific music where clients may feel distress. Evidence also suggests that music assoc iated with violent lyrics such as heavy metal can have a negative impact on clients (McCraty et al. 1998).Strategies/RecommendationsThere are certain interventions that must be done at all three levels, i. e. local, national and international level to cater different domains of learning by applying music therapy and achieve progress. As a student nurse and responsible citizen of society, it is my duty to help and guide people in the effective use of music therapy in dealing with people with learning disabilities. Firstly, it is essential to devise a method whereby it is possible to sum small changes which can be tailored to each individual (Oldfield Adams 1995). This would help to detect very small changes in behaviour. Secondly, it is also important to accept that change may take a long time to occur so the facilitator must not lose hope and discontinue the intervention. Difficulty can also arise when observing and interpreting the response of clients to sound or music (Alvin W arwick 1994). This exercise may become easier after a few sessions with the clients where the responses are set and understood. This can be done by teaching individuals or families in particular schools, colleges and university, hospital for instance, in Maa Ayesha music therapy is being used for children with learning disabilities. mend at national and international levels, attention should be given on providing awareness to people regarding the use of music therapy. People should be encouraged to hark and learn music. Furthermore, different courses for music therapies should be introduced at institutional level and certain policies could be made to enhance the productivity and benefits from the therapy. at the governmental level, music therapist career option and courses could be out. . According to Fatima (2013), clinical Psychologist Qudsia Mahmoud states that the Pakistani population lacks the awareness about the significance of music therapy. Fatima (2013) cited Mr. Sohail Khan as he had established Music therapy center in Karachi, Pakistan and has widely worked on The Prism Project, A Multidimensional Approach to Music in Education.The field of music is vital and holds its own importance, yet it remains unexplored in Psychotherapy. Music and art plays a pivotal role in shaping childrens lives, especially those with learning disabilities. There is a very close knitted affiliation between music therapy and the recovery of children with learning disabilities. There is an urgent need to discipline music therapies in hospitals in Pakistan, to enhance understanding of these professional caretakers to help patients overcome the disabilities in a fun and learning environment. Also, there is a need to include it nursing education, as foremost priority, as being a nurse who is in close contact with patients needs to know about therapies in order to enhance the productivity of patients and help them in recovery at a faster pace.ReferencesBarksdale, A. (2003). Music therapy and leisure for persons with disabilities (1st ed. ). Champaign, IL Sagamore Pub.Bushra Fatima, B. F. , 1st December, 2013. health Music Therapy What is it and How to get itin? Blush, retrieved from http//blush. com. pk/music-therapy-in-pakistanCathy. A. Malchiodi, C. A. M. , (2005). History, Theory, and Practice. In Cathy A. Malchiodi (Ed), Expressive Therapies. 1st Ed. New York Guilford Publications. Pp. 1-15.Darren Henley, D. H. , (2012). The importance of music A national plan for music education. 1st ed. EnglandDastgheib, S. , Riyassi, M. , Anvari, M. , Niknejad, H. , Hoseini, M. , Rajati, M. , Ghasemi, M. (2013). Music Training Program A Method Based on Language Development and Principles of Neuroscience to Optimize Speech and Language Skills in Hearing-Impaired Children. Iranian diary Of Otorhinolaryngology, 25(71), 91.David Butler, D. B. , (01 October 1982). Music Theory, Theories of Music, and SystematicMusicology. Journal of the collage music society. 22, pp. 1-15, Retrieved from http//symposium. music. org/index. php?option=com_k2view=itemid=1933music-theory-theories-of-music-and-systematic-musicologyItemid=124Department of Education, . (2011). The Importance of Music A National Plan for Music Education. Crown.Freilich, R. , Shechtman, Z. (2010). The contribution of art therapy to the social, emotional, and academic adjustment of children with learning disabilities. The Arts In Psychotherapy, 37(2), 97-105. doi10. 1016/j. aip. 2010. 02. 003JaakkoErkkil, J. K. , Marko Punkanen, M. P. , JrgFachner, J. F. , EsaAla-Ruona, E. A. R. , IngaPnti, I. P. , Mari Tervaniemi, M. T. , MaunoVanhala M. V. , Christian Gold C. G. , (2011). Individual music therapy for depression randomized controlled trial. The British journal of Psychiatry. 199, pp. 132-139Savarimuthu, D. , Bunnell, T. (2002). The effects of music on clients with learning disabilities a literature review. Complementary Therapies In Nursing And Midwifery, 8(3), 160-165. doi10. 1054/ ctnm. 2001. 0629Shafron, G. (2010). The Science and Psychology Behind Music and Emotion. Journal Of Young Investigators.Sze, S. , Yu, S. (2004). Effect of music therapy on children with learning disabilities. In Proceedings of the 8th international on music perception and cognition. Austraila Adelaide.The music therapy center of California. (2005). Retrieved 29 August 2014, from http//www. themusictherapycenter. com/. . . /factsheets/mtcca_learningdisabilities.www. musictherapy. org, . (2007). American Music Therapy Association. Retrieved from http//www. musictherapy. org/assets/1/7/bib_psychopathology. pdf.The Express Tribune, . (2013). Dyslexia. Retrieved from http//tribune. com. pk/story/578452/workshop-1-8-million-affected-by-learning-disabilities/

The Reality of Body Image through Social Media

The Reality of Body Image through Social MediaAhmad El-ZeinAs a society, people guide and continue to musical note down on others with different perspectives in both positive and negative ways. To this day, social media has affected and changed our way of looking at ourselves or how we look at others. In other says, social media has affected the way we look at personate image.Everyone is unique because of their individual, carnal traits. Even though we pitch our opinion on our perfect body, changing ones personal features takes away from their individuality. Social media changes our perception of beauty and body image. It altogetherows us to think of others in a different point of mint which may affect how we feel or think about ourselves. Did you know that the average woman is 54, and weighs one hundred and fifty pounds? The average female mannequin is 511 and weighs one hundred and seventeen pounds (Chojnacki). The average male is 510 and weighs one hundred and eighty-thre e pounds. The average male model is 62 and weighs one hundred and sixty-five pounds. Eighty percent of women say that women magazines, ads, and television make them insecure (Dam). Forty-two percent of girls from the first through third grade say that they want to be thinner.So how do we think in our right minds that it is appropriate or okay to show Photoshop models as an idolized image of beauty? It is quite impressive and heartbreaking to comparison when we see ribs, collarbones on an animal. It is gut wrenching and viewed as abusive, yet when we see it on a male or female, it is described as being bonny or sexy, and what to strive for and how it is healthy. We are told that men are all needed to have abs and muscles to be attractive. Social media wants us to see the physical attributes of people and not the mental attributes. Once in a blue moon, Seventeen Magazine, Vogue or Vanity Fair will show a pretty, attractive face that needs a little fix here and there, yet the aggres sive use of techniques like the other times is disturbing, dont you think? Instagram has a huge affect on body image. Tell me you have not used an Instagram filter that makes you look better before uploading or editing a photo before posting it on other social media websites such as Facebook. It is as same concept yet to a more extreme. As quoted by Professor Susan J Paxton Social media has allowed us to view pictures in magazines and on TV that show thin, attractive women or muscular, lean men have been shown to lead to body dissatisfaction.Now do not run off thinking I am saying models and celebrities are ugly and not beautiful without Photoshop because that is clearly not true. However, what is true is that social media has altered the way we see people, and we define them as either attractive or ugly/hideous. It may work on people to on the wrong path, as in approaching drugs or medicines that may alter the way someone looks in a positive way. The word Beautiful is naturally sy mmetrical to the eye and is not perfect. Sure people will get bags under at some point, it does not mean their ugly, forty-year-old women keister have cellulite in her thighs and still be in shape and does not mean she is ugly. A man can be overweight and not have the perfect model body, but it does not mean he is ugly. What makes a person ugly is how he or she behaves towards themselves, others or to the world. What makes someone beautiful is how they do it themselves, others and the world they live in. Accept the fact social media does not give you the truth and accept that you were born with what you have. Dont go comparing yourself to professional models and celebrities. Their main put-on is to maintain an appearance. They have their connections, recourses and access for expensive treatment, vacations, and designer clothes.Just remember, reality is different to what gets posted through social media. We have to remember that we are all beautiful in our way. You need to get tha t tape out of your head that is telling you that models and celebrities who consistently post on social media are winning at life. Ladies, the world is not expecting you to be a size DD (Double-D), just be who you are. The world does not expect us, men, to have abs. Just be who you are. The media has created so lots of a problem to this day. The downfalls through social media are that people view ugliness as someone with less appealing physical attributes that they may compare to celebrities or models. Getting the specific amount of likes on Instagram or Facebook does not define you on how you look. Success is at your fingertips. Your success is not based on your bra size, or how big your biceps is. It is based on your morals, passions, personality and so much more than just appearance. From now on, dont let social media tell you how your body should look.Works CitedChojnacki, Mary Signe, et al. Influence of Magazines on College-Age Females Body Image. Depleting Body Image, www.ssc. wisc.edu/jpiliavi/357/body-image.htm. webDam, Julie K.L. How Do I Look? Vol. 54 No. 10. PEOPLE.com, Time Inc, 4 Sept. 2000, people.com/archive/cover-story-how-do-i-look-vol-54-no-10/. WebPaxton, Susan J. Social media can damage body image heres how to counteract it. The Conversation, 12 Jan. 2017, theconversation.com/social-media-can-damage-body-image-heres-how-to-counteract-it-65717.

Quality Management at Coca Cola, Vodafone and Cadbury

flavor counseling at coca Cola, Vodafone and CadburyThe total whole touchstone commission is customer oriented, with any the members of the organisation striving to constitutionically rectify the organisation with the partial participation of the employees in problem solving efforts across the functional and hierarchical boundaries. The total choice management includes the concepts of quality growths, operation envision, quality self-confidence and quality overture on an fragmentary basis. all in all the transformational process in an organisation to improve the customers satisfaction in the most efficient manner for all these the control is taken by the quality management. This process wees in severally unit of the work system with the internally ego control. The problem solving action is given to the lower level in the organisation, allowing the responsible large number to take the quality control and corrective measure where necessary in order to deliver a product or service that meet the needs of the customers.Total fibre anxiety has a management philosophy, a paradigm, a continuous improvement approach to doing vexation with a new management model. The philosophy of quality management has evolved a philosophy of continuous improvement focusing on the quality and the most important dimension of the operation. Meanwhile, dominant highlight the quality of the product or service. The total quality management goes beyond statistical process control activities to embrace a broader management on how we manage people and organizations by focusing on the whole process and non mere measures.Keeping the customers in mind at all time is when the fraternity polish offs the quality products and services, which is always the highest priority of the organisations. From quality guarantee hard work of each employee for the quality of society as a whole. The company which wants to be success in the market and among its customers devotes itsel f to make quality products and service for its customers.TQM (Total quality management) is a way to manage the future of the organization and have much wider application only to ensure the product or service quality It is the way of managing the people and business processes to ensure customer satisfaction at every stage of the organisational activity, internally and externally. It is a combined effort of the effective leadership, results organisations doing the right things and right front time.The core of quality management is the customer- supplier relation edge, both externally and internally and in each edge lays a number of processes. This is the main activity that surrounds the organizations promise to quality and quality of the message and recognisation needs to change the entire organization to create quality. These argon the basis for quality management and support of the leadership roles of people, processes and systems.For the quality management, the chosen companies be from different industries and they have different systems and indispensableness for their quality management for their product and services which argon to be introduced to the market. The companies atomic number 18 Coca Cola, Vodafone, Cadbury. These three companies provides its products to the customers with products and services quality check before introducing in the market so that the customers ar satisfied and the company makes the effective and efficient use of the material and making profit at the end.2. tincture Management at Coca colaThe coca cola company ensures the best quality of its beverages by implementing globally accepted au and thenticated manufacturing process and quality management system. The company measure the products and its package quality attributes to ensure that the beverages products in the marketplace meet the requirements of the company and expectations of customers. concurrence and reliability are the two key factors to the quality of the product. These factors are critical in meeting the global regulatory requirements and the company standards. The global nature of the business requires high standards and processes for ensuring consistent products and quality from the concentrate production to the bottling and product pitch by them.For ensuring the consistency and reliability, the companys quality system is directed by The Coca-Cola Management governing body (TCCMS). TCCMS is their integrated quality management program which holds all the operations of the company system wide to the same standards for the production nad distribution of the beverages. It assures the highest standards in the management of the product quality, the environment and the health and safety throughout the Coca cola system.TCCMS is supported by the heads throughout the company as it guides the product safety and quality by bringing together the last-ditch objective of the business and quality simultaneously with consistent metrics of monit or the performance of the product, integrating the preventive actions as a management tool. It demands rigorous efforts while planning for introducing a new product or service including the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) into the companys system standard. This management system includes defining the problem solving methodologies and tools to make continuous product safety and quality improvements.The relevance of the product safety and quality guidelines are evaluated again and again so as to stay updated with the new regulations, best practices in the industry and the market conditions to help them sustain in the market with their competitors. The provender quality and safety awareness are provided to the manufacturing as well as the entire supply chain.The company maintains a safety and quality system for the TCCMS requirement by establishing, implementing and documenting each business within the coca cola system. The process and quality assurance program con ducted at each of the manufacturing facilities are with world rank standards. The following are the programs.2.1 Proof and testing source of peeing for launch site selectionThe manufacturing plant site is finalised only after the source water is tested for the requirement. The testing of the source water are conducted by the third party accredited laboratories, the analysis are conducted are based on the requirement of the globally standards. After the selection, the source water is check out and tested on a regular basis to ensure that the multinational standards are met. The water for the plant are taken through the sealed pipelines and stored in. tanks placed in secure areas of the water treatment plant.2.2 Purity of SugarThe sugar selection process as severe as our water selection process. The sugar is brought from the high grade authorised mills, which is then cleaned with global acclaimed carbon treatment process. The sugar is then reborn to purified sugar syrup which is that mixes with the soft drink beverage concentrate.2.3 Carbon Dioxide Meeting International Purity StandardsCarbon-dioxide is manufactured from authorised suppliers which meets the international purity standards. The gas is then taken through a severe quality control confirmation prior to using it in the beverages etc.2.4 Automated Bottling ProcessThe bottles returned from the market are recycled through automated process these bottles are sterilized at a very high temperatures with formulated cleaning agents. The bottles are then transported to the filler for file with the automated filling machine, the bottles are then capped, date coded and packed into crates.( feature commitment, http//www.cocacola.in/quality/quality_commitment_policy.aspx)The company has a well clear and structured manufacturing procedure quality control and guarantee program. All manufacturing services of the company are skilled, experienced and professional training to manufacture and test the product.The c ompany has a strong internal audit system to monitor the compliance to international and local standards. The manufacturing facilities are audited by the external audit agencies for the quality management standards.The company make sure that the beverages are tested by acknowledged quality assurance mechanism before it is brought to the market. Company meets the international standards ISO 90012000, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 SGS and Lloyds of London, an internationally recognized registrar, to assess the quality system against Coca-Cola ISO 90012000 (quality) and ISO 14001 (Environment) . discussion section supports the activities of the company for each of the packages to enable them to offer world class products. The system applies to the bottling company, and activities are also supported by the same technical and quality systems and standards.2.5 Quality Assurance and controlThe coca cola company has one global standardCoca cola operation in different areas follows the same int ernational quality standards across all the bottling operations.Every ingredient apply in the manufacturing process of the beverages meet all the local regulatory, company and international standards. They undergo through extensive testing and inspection before it is introduced. These ingredients are regularly tested by the external accredited laboratories so that they are updated and they meet the standards of the company3. Quality Management at VodafoneVodafone has adopted specific framework of analytically assessing the excellence of the services which are given to the customers. These frameworks are assessed from the concept and planning phase to their delivery of the product to the ultimate customers in the market. These frameworks include the following3.1 Service EvaluationService Evaluation is done to ensure that the new product and services are designed, developed and implemented based on the quality requirements, keeping the company policies in mind and processes aiming to meet customers need. The quality standards of the new products and services are checked through specific number of trials with certain level standards, with prior and post launch of the product against the initial technical and quality specifications.3.2 Quality of Service monitoringThe most important method before going to set the target and network development on the use of mobile telecommunication network is to regard the customer perception on these matters. The pioneer indicators demonstrate the quality of service is the Call Success Rate- CSR- the percentage of successfully set up, maintained and released calls, as perceived by the customers, the Poor Voice Quality- doorwaying the quality of communication and the Weak signal Percentage- evaluating the weak signal level. Quality of Service is monitored is per make on their GSM, GPRS and UMTS Services.3.3 Suppliers and Partners Performance EvaluationVodafone access the quality of the product and service and identify the areas of improvement and implement appropriate action in order to maintain a mutual trust and cooperation with its partners and to progress to mutual beneficial synergies.3.4 Participation in Vodafone group network and Service quality teamVodafone aims to ensure the quality of the product and services especially on the new technologies which creates the new demand for the company in the market. Special care is been taken about the participants in the Vodafone group network and service quality team.The object is to-To introduce the quality of service indicators for the product and services that are implemented within the frameworks of the corporate projects.To ensure the use of quality checked plans and measure its murderTo identify the required changes in the company, in order to update with the new technologiesVodafone is the first and the only telecommunication company in Greece and the few internationally certifiable for the development and implementation. The management systems w ithin the framework of an integrated management. gibe to ISO 90012008 standards the Quality Management for the systematic and continuous improvement, development of its activities, and the customer satisfaction. Certificate of praise (No 362 212)Quality Management System according Vodafone retailer to ISO 90012008 for the companys commitment to offer products and services to customers through its passion for retail chain and in particular, a chain formed by the property and franchise stores. Certificate of Approval (No 362 212)Environmental Management System under ISO 14001, which aims at the systematic management of the companys activities that affect the environment. Certificate of Approval (No. 362 212 / D)Health and Safety Management System according to OHSAS 18001 / ELOT 1801, aims to provide a safe working environment and safe for all employees. Certificate of approval (362212)According to ISO 27001 the Information Security Management System , which concerns the security of i nformation security in the enterprise, customers, shareholders and partners. Certificate of Approval (No. 362 212 / F)According to BS 25999-22007, Business Continuity Management System is to ensure continuity of critical business operations and ensuring continuity of essential services to customers in case of unexpected incidents. Certificate of Approval (No. 362 212 / H LRQA)(Integrated Management System, http//www.vodafone.gr/portal/client/cms/viewCmsPage.action?pageId=1620)4. Quality Management Assurance at CadburyMarket high quality, excellent value products that consistently meet business requirements and succeed with local standards, but continuously improve and exceed the expectations of consumers. It ensures that customers and consumers first become actively listening and understanding their expectations for quality and value points of purchase and consumption. Ensure that the image of corporate image, including products and brands, meet the recognized standards, strengthe n the commitment to quality and to safeguard the reputation of Cadbury. Preserve the right best time before culture, which continues to absorb the viands quality and safety, where everyone understands their responsibilities and accountability. Use a quality system is monitored continuously improves processes to provide these policies and standards.Set clear management responsibilities and strengthening the achievement of measurable goals and objectives of quality and regimen safety. supply chain and business partners work to ensure compliance with quality policies and systems, ensuring quality throughout our supply chain. Place of continuous improvement is critical to performance, which allows us to offer better products and services to consumers and customers. Create a passion for quality, which are the successes and achievements are recognized and celebrated. Re-examine and bring up to date this policy to ensure that it continues to reflect the values and outlook of customers.(Q uality and Food Safety Assurance, http//www.cadburyindia.com/cadtoday/qualityfoodsafety.asp)5. Compare and ContrastCoca cola company has introduced a system named The Coca Cola Management System (TCCMS). This system is introduced in all the stages of the organisational level and also to the bottling agents so that the global standards of the company elicit be maintained with the bottlers. The company takes care of each of the process the product goes through, from the source water to the bottles used for the packaging for the beverages.Vodafone has adopted a specific framework for the assessing systematically and logically the quality of the services which are provided to the customers. These frameworks are assessed from the concept and planning phase to their delivery of the product to the ultimate customers in the market. These frameworks are set with the service evaluation of the product and technologies up commencement exercise in the industry.Cadbury adopted the quality assur ance for the products which are introduced to the customers. Maintain a right first time culture that constantly ensures the quality and food safety, every employee understand the responsibility given to them and they are do accountable for their activity. Quality management system is audited periodically to improve the process to deliver their policy and standards.All the three companies are giving great importance to the total quality management of its products and services. These quality management are considered as the responsibility of the company to its ultimate customers in the market. Different systems and frameworks are followed for the quality management. Whereas some companies have create a program for the quality management and some have just include it in its process. The quality management for each organisation differ based on their activities in the market. The system introduced in coca cola is implemented for all the regions and the bottlers as that they can have a global standard. The service evaluation at Vodafone is done for ensuring that the product and service match with the company policies and market demand. The Cadbury assurance is done with the aim of quality and food safety for the customers.6. Impact on Innovation, Changes and CompetitivenessCoca cola Companys system on quality helps them as a support to introduce new products in the market. The major competition faced by coca cola is from PepsiCo, TCCMS makes the difference between the two companies product and service. This helps the company to follow the market trends among the customers so that they can be up graded with the market trends.Vodafone has the systematic and logical framework for analysing the quality management. With the better quality product introduced in the market the RD of the company will be able to make new innovation to the product and which will be helpful for the company to manage with others in the market.Cadbury follows a quality system which helps them to provide the quality product to the customers. The company has a deal to innovate new product to the market and can be bringing out the efforts to face the competition in the market.7. RecommendationsThe companies need to take care of the activities when given to the agents they should have a proper light of the quality aspect of the product.The periodical checking and testing of the quality system should be made so that the systems can be up graded.The RD of the companies should be given the resources for the research. They should be made available with the equipment required.While innovation of the products are done, they should be marketed in such a way that they are they attracted to the customers.8. Critical ReflectionIt was always known that Quality management is important in an organisation but the importance of quality management and its implementation in each and every process of the each activity is understood after making the research for the assignment. While studying the quality philosophy, approaches, systems and its management of each company selected, only then it was noticed that the companies RD division and fleet management takes a accord of efforts in making the product a success in the market. The product or service from the start of its planning it takes the lot of contribution for the quality in the company.Before making the systems for the quality management, the company need to make the market research for the product and service quality. They have to make note of the each and every process in the manufacturing and distribution of the product to the market. The employees have to quality check the product in every single step to ensure the quality. The resources required for the product to be made are to be checked and tested from its initial stages.Quality management is an important aspect in an organisation which the employees have to follow while manufacturing the product and services. The employee which are given responsible fo r the activities in the organisation, are made responsible for the corrective measures, this way it is swooning for the employees to understand the mistakes made in the first process. It helps them to understand the actions required to follow while doing the activities.In every organisation, quality system should be given catch importance because the products are ultimately made for the customers in the market and they are the one to who would the critical viewer of the products in the market. The quality system should be checked and updated continuously so that the organisation should be left behind in the market. The quality in the product should be ensured before it goes to the market to the customer.Being a manager, I will be making the quality check conducted at every step to ensure that the products are safety and fine to be used in the market. This may increase the time in each process but can ensure a good product to the customers. Being a customer of several products, I wi ll definitely prefer the products which are good in quality and will ensure the quality before use. indeed any customer will think the same way.The quality of the product contributes to the organisation success with effective and efficient use of the resources in the organisation for the products. The organisation are never ready to compromise on the quality of the product since the quality creates an image of the product and ultimately the image of the organisation in the market.

What Determines the Price and Volume of Houses in Bishops Stortford and What Does the Future Hold :: essays papers

What Determines the outlay and Volume of Houses in Bishops Stortford and What Does the Future HoldIntroduction The paradox that volition be investigated in this coursework is the problem of what determines the monetary value and volume of gross sales of a gratuitous (semi detached, terraced) house or flat in Bishops Stortford and what are the prospects for house prices and sales in the future. I am looking into this problem because it go out economic aid me personally because I, myself, might need to find a house that I can afford to buy in the future.Theories The economic theories that will help break the problem will be the theories of Price, consider and write out, Price elasticity of supply, Income elasticity of demand and Cross elasticity of demand. DefinitionsPrice The cost of a good or service to a buyer. Cross elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of beat demanded of one product to the adjustment in price of some other(prenominal) prod uct, the conduct regulation for cross elasticity for product x ispercentage motley in mensuration demanded of product xpercentage change in price of another product Income elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in income, the exact formula for income elasticity is percentage change in quantity demanded percentage change in income Price elasticity of supply is the human relationship between change in quantity supplied and a change in price. The exact formula for price elasticity of supply is percentage change in quantity suppliedpercentage change in price Demand The quantity that a buyer is willing and able to buy over a period of time. For normal goods there is an inverse relationship between quantity demanded and the goods own price. Supply The quantity of a commodity that is offered for sale at a price over a period of time. There is usually a positive relationship between supply and price. See also price elasticity of supply. The diagram below shows a general demand and supply curve. At a price of P3, demand will be Q2 but Q5 will be supplied. The price of P3 is too high for everything produced to be sold. Excess supply will exist (i.e. a situation when supply is greater than demand, leading to an excess of commodities on the market).What Determines the Price and Volume of Houses in Bishops Stortford and What Does the Future Hold essays papersWhat Determines the Price and Volume of Houses in Bishops Stortford and What Does the Future HoldIntroduction The problem that will be investigated in this coursework is the problem of what determines the price and volume of sales of a detached (semi detached, terraced) house or flat in Bishops Stortford and what are the prospects for house prices and sales in the future. I am looking into this problem because it will help me personally because I, myself, might need to find a house that I can afford to buy in the future.Theories The econom ic theories that will help analyse the problem will be the theories of Price, Demand and Supply, Price elasticity of supply, Income elasticity of demand and Cross elasticity of demand. DefinitionsPrice The cost of a good or service to a buyer. Cross elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded of one product to the change in price of another product, the exact formula for cross elasticity for product x ispercentage change in quantity demanded of product xpercentage change in price of another product Income elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in income, the exact formula for income elasticity is percentage change in quantity demanded percentage change in income Price elasticity of supply is the relationship between change in quantity supplied and a change in price. The exact formula for price elasticity of supply is percentage change in quantity suppliedpercentage change in price Demand The quantit y that a buyer is willing and able to buy over a period of time. For normal goods there is an inverse relationship between quantity demanded and the goods own price. Supply The quantity of a commodity that is offered for sale at a price over a period of time. There is usually a positive relationship between supply and price. See also price elasticity of supply. The diagram below shows a general demand and supply curve. At a price of P3, demand will be Q2 but Q5 will be supplied. The price of P3 is too high for everything produced to be sold. Excess supply will exist (i.e. a situation when supply is greater than demand, leading to an excess of commodities on the market).

Meeting the Demand for Clergy in Victorian England :: European History

Meeting the Demand for Clergy in Victorian England Many unfermented changes came to Victorian England as a top of the age of industrialization. Where there were once small country parishes, manufacturing towns were springing up. One change resulting from industrialization was the shortage of clergy to fill the new parishes in these towns. These new parishes reflect the demographic changes of the English countryside. Rural villages grew into booming towns. Where a single parish was once sufficient, there was now a need for multiple parishes. The perform of England went about meeting these demands for new clergy in two major ways, actively recruiting men to the clergy and restructuring theological facilities and changing the requirements for ordination. These factors show us some of the upheaval and reconstruction that was going on in the Anglican Church in Victorian England. This was a direct result of the need to train a large number of clergy in a relatively short period of tim e. Industrialization changed the demographic make up of England. In The Victorian Church in York Edward Royle states that As suburban development turned sparsely populated manors into thriving and populous communities, further parochial sub-division took place (2). Where small parishes once were sufficient, the larger manufacturing towns demanded more parishes be added to minister to the larger population. In 1832 the Church of England was in danger and quite unequipped for ministry to an emerging urban industrial society (Parsons 16). There was a shortage of clergy because of the rapid unanticipated growth. The demand for so many clergy to be ordained quickly led to restructuring clerical requirements. This demand could be shown in mere numbers, for example In 1841 there were just all over 14,000 clergy in England and in 1891 there were more than 24,000 (Parsons 25). In the 1840s these clergy were primarily trained at the two major universities, Oxford and Cambridge. A small perce ntage (14%) came from small theological colleges. Many people could not afford to send their sons to these universities for the length of time required to become ordained. The combination of the increased demand in number of clergy needed and the time restriction for development created a crisis. The result of this crisis, was the development of the lesser theological colleges for the non-ordained and vocationally trained clergy.. This caused a number of issues to be raised. The result of this course of instruction was the growth of non-university clergy and the inadequacy of its theological instruction (qtd.